The evidence also suggests that over a long term, American society may paradoxically become both more fearful and more accepting of aggressive and violent behavior. Both these conditions are likely to encourage higher levels of aggression and violence in the future. The research supports the arousal/stimulation theory, at least in terms of short-term effects; i.e., exposure to television violence appears to stimulate individuals to aggressive behavior, usually at low levels. Strong support also exists for an observation/imitation linkage between exposure to television violence and later aggressive behavior. The attitudes/socialization model is also substantiated. Efforts are needed to learn why we continue to accept, if not encourage, the extreme violence characteristic of television programming and other mass media. However, little justification exists for the criminal justice system to become directly involved in the control of television programming. Citizen groups should monitor and try to influence television programming. The criminal justice system should attempt to correct misperceptions of violence in our society. Nine references are listed.