The failure of psychological theories and techniques to explain and reduce criminality has led to the reexamination of the relationship between the mind and the body and the suggestion that brain chemistry and functioning may have a direct impact on behavior. Researchers have concluded that an improper diet can disrupt the body's ability to produce energy, thus influencing behavior. Despite the assumption that Americans are overfed because of the Nation's advanced technology and plentiful food, many Americans -- particularly the elderly, the poor, and adolescents -- are not obtaining adequate diets. Sugar is the carbohydrate most responsible for upsetting the central nervous system and behavior. Blood sugar imbalance results from the consumption of food rich in refined white sucrose and is linked to many behavioral symptoms, including depression, agitation, and erratic behavior. Researchers have observed relationships between nutrition and criminal behavior. Several studies have shown that placing juveniles and adult offenders on healthy diets can reduce juvenile delinquency, inmate illness, and inmate disciplinary problems. Optimal diet may make the greatest future contribution to the rehabilitation of offenders. One table and nine references are supplied.