The 1984 reorganization which placed all provincial and major city police organizations under the central ministry in the People's Republic of China is explained. The longstanding Chinese ambivalence and concern toward the concept of professionalism is described, as are recent attitudinal changes and efforts to professionalize the police. The nation's two universities and many police colleges are discussed, with emphasis on the curriculum content. The discussion of the Japanese system covers the size and structure of the police force, the recruitment and training of police officers, the curriculum of the National Police Academy, and the use of inservice training. The patrol activities which form the foundation of all police work in Japan and the Kobans -- the activity units of the police patrol system -- are described. Japanese supervision and its emphasis on errorless performance is described, particularly the superior's role as a partner and the concept of the police as a family unit. Results of a crime poll are also given.