Each of the 14 chapters contains an outline, objectives for students to master after reading the chapter, and both multiple choice and essay questions. Additionally, some chapters provide reviews of supplemental reading. The first chapter, on history and legal foundations of probation, traces early criminal law and early American law, highlighting the origins of modern release in English and American criminal laws and examining the suspended sentence. Chapter 2 reviews eligibility for probation, the availability of probation as a disposition, and the right of probation. Next, the functions and objectives of the presentence investigation (PSI) are examined. Chapters 4-8 cover the terms and conditions of probation, the organization and administration of probation services, the revocation of probation, and the history and concept of parole. Addressed in chapters 9-12 are the administration and organization of parole; critical issues in parole; parole selection; supervision in probation and parole; and parole conditions, revocation, and discharge. The final chapters review the direct and collateral consequences of conviction as well as pardon and the restoration of rights. For the full text, see NCJ 98236.