A review of the influences underlying development of civilian review focuses on the deterioration of police-public relations, deficiencies in police accountability, judicial remedies' failure to provide redress, and the influence of civil rights groups and national commissions. Arguments both supporting and opposing civilian review are then presented. The report considers the operation and effectiveness of various civilian review procedures, using illustrative case studies of civilian review in Philadelphia and New York City. Accounts of civilian review boards operating in the 1960's demonstrate why civilian review failed in this period. Studies of civilian review boards developed in the 1970's (Detroit, Kansas City, Berkeley, and Chicago) portray attempts to overcome some of the obstacles encountered in the 1960's. The summary identifies obstacles to effective civilian review of police complaints as well as the structures and procedures most likely to overcome these obstacles. Fifty-five references are listed.