In 1983, an estimated 40 million victimizations occurred, resulting in physical suffering, financial loss, and emotional distress. Rising concern with the treatment of victims has led to significant State and Federal initiatives, such as victim compensation programs and statutes designed to aid and protect witness-victims. Today, an estimated 1,000 to 2,000 victim-witness assistance programs exist, both prosecutor-sponsored and community organization-sponsored. Many programs offer personal< advocacy, referral services, restitution, court orientation, transportation, and escort services for victims. Such programs rely on general revenues, contributions, and fines. 5 references and study questions.