Laboratory techniques for analyzing blood and urine include mass spectrometry, an enzyme immunoassay called Emit, and gas-liquid chromatography. The studies in New York City and Washington indicated that urine testing was more accurate than self-reports for drug detection and that urine testing of arrestees can effectively identify defendants who have a high probability of being arrested again before trial. The videotape developed by NIJ explains the use of Emit, an automated urine testing process developed for the military. The tape shows how the court in Washington, D.C., uses this technology to control pretrial crime. Emit has 97-percent accuracy and can detect PCP, cocaine, amphetamines, opiates, and methadone.