Punishments include capital punishment, penal servitude, confinement, revocation of qualifications, the suspension of qualifications, fines, detention, minor fines, and confiscation. At each stage of criminal proceedings, other noncustodial measures also exist. These include the suspension of sentence, the suspension of execution, parole, and the fine for the purpose of reducing imprisonment in ordinary or summary procedures. In the 1980's, new programs such as the suspension of prosecution with supervision, the experimental implementation of supervision, community service and attendance center orders for juveniles, open correctional institutions, and work release programs were introduced. These trends are expected to continue and accelerate. Notes and 17 references