Individual sections focus on crime as a social problem and feature of the United States culture, fear of crime; factors that distort the public's image about crime; the emergence of formal and legal punishment from ancient times to the present; and the conservative, liberal, and critical perspectives on corrections. Additional sections examine the organizational and subcultural aspects of imprisonment; the use of jails and detention; women, juveniles, and minorities in corrections; capital punishment; institutional violence and prison riots; prisoners' rights and inmate litigation; and policies and programs providing alternatives to institutionalization. The final section considers current issues and future trends in corrections, including drug policies, inmate health care, privatization of corrections, and future policies. Photographs; tables; figures; chapter discussion questions and recommended reading lists; chapter reference lists; and case, name, and subject indexes