The paper is divided into seven chapters: (1) An Extension of Social Control Theory to Explain Recidivism, including discussion of the relation between personal and social controls, and recidivism and labeling theory; (2) Methodology, including limitations; (3) Involvement in the Drug Subculture and Recidivism, male/female and White/Black involvement; (4) Commitment to the Use of Drugs and Recidivism, male/female and White/Black commitment; (5) Attachment to Other Addicts and Recidivism; (6) Implications for Treatment, including theoretical considerations and techniques of treatment neutralization; and (7) Summary and Conclusions. Findings of the study indicate that involvement in a drug culture, commitment to continued narcotics use, and attachment to fellow addicts are factors that promote relapse to narcotics following treatment. Footnotes, tables, appendixes, bibliography