In these countries, criminal convictions continue to be obtained on the basis of identification evidence alone. The Devlin Report concluded that the process of identification was inherently fallible and recommended that such prosecutions cease except in exceptional circumstances. Devlin also recommended more psychological research on the identification process. Studies have revealed that people recall only fragmentary information after a brief encounter and develop a full representation of a person's appearance only after repeated opportunities to observe and interact. The fragmentary nature of memory for appearance has implications not only for lineups but also for composite aids to recall such as Identikit and computerized counterparts. The Court of Appeal has reversed some verdicts, but other cases have not had such outcomes. Therefore, the Scottish position that insists on independent corroboration of all identification claims deserves serious consideration. Note and 21 references (Author abstract modified)