Professionals must base their approach on theory, and social learning theory is possibly the best one to choose; this guides the professional in looking at individual differences and to the identification of criminogenic need. The relationship between drinking and crime should be investigated to determine whether attention to drinking is required as a criminogenic or a health- care need. High-risk offenders should be targeted. The effects of legal and institutional contingencies should be studied within a psychosocial framework to enhance levels of participation and progress toward intervention goals. Structured programs that use cognitive-behavioral techniques are most effective. Inmates should be matched with interventions that best suit their needs, with appropriate content, goals, style of presentation, and level of intensity. Efforts should be made to ensure continuity of services in the community after release from prison. This article also provides guidance on treatment evaluation and organizational support. 42 references