Studies generally indicate that effective offender treatment programs reduce recidivism by 25 to 30 percent; that effective programs are behavioral and highly structured; and that effective programs target criminogenic attitudes, values, and behaviors of high-risk offenders. Inappropriate or ineffective correctional programs tend to be those based on psychodynamic, nondirective techniques and those using treatment techniques that do not target criminogenic needs. Data from offender treatment and recidivism studies show that offender risk factors should be assessed using actuarial methods with proven predictive validity for recidivism. Offender treatment should be based on behavioral strategies and should preferably be located in the offender's natural environment. Treatment should be multi-modal, emphasize positive reinforcement contingencies, and be individualized when possible. In addition, treatment should provide continuing assistance and aftercare to the offender once the formal phase of treatment ends. Effective correctional program implementation is necessary for program sustainability and integrity, and correctional staff should have appropriate training, experience, and counseling skills. To ensure effective case management, changes in offender criminogenic need factors should be monitored while the offender participates in correctional programs. 20 notes and 2 tables