The author argues that cruel treatment and torture are prohibited by virtually all contemporary international human rights instruments and by most national constitutions or bills of rights. Based on an in-depth analysis of capital punishment case law, this book explains why the incompatibility of the death penalty with the prohibition of cruel treatment has emerged as a major issue in rulings, declarations, and covenants by the world's courts, commissions, and committees. It examines various approaches to the application and interpretation of the norm, discussing the synergy between national and international tribunals that are examining the legality of the death penalty; for example, the U.S. Supreme Court declared the death penalty arbitrary and discriminatory in its 1972 ruling, Furman v. Georgia, a judgment later echoed in 1995 by the South African Constitutional Court, which found the death penalty to be arbitrary and unequal punishment. The author gives special attention to the ways in which the world's courts are grappling with the issue of implementing capital punishment. Particularly, he examines judgments by national and international tribunals that have declared the method of execution and death row incarceration to breach the norm that prohibits cruel treatment and torture. A 272-item bibliography and a subject index