The role of the police in the context of communities and the state is central in three of the studies, with one addressing the effects of the police state under Napoleonic French rule in a region of Italy (1789-1821); another the policing of the Irish in 19th-century England; and the third the constabulary and the criminal justice system in 19th-century Ireland. Policing in North America is the subject of two studies; one provides a history of the Native American tribal police in the United States from the Indian Interstate Act of 1790 to the 1970's; the other discusses the impact of the technology of the identification of criminals in early 20th-century Canada. In addition to the history of policing, a second major subject in these papers concerns the administration of justice in the courts. These papers focus on Dubrovnik in the early 14th century and the judicial values reflected in the summary courts of Germany under the Weimar Republic and the Third Reich. Other papers consider the impact of war on delinquency and society in Bordeaux (France) during 1914-18, a comparative history of the decline of women in the criminal process over the last centuries, and efforts to counter the sexual abuse of children in France from 1825 through 1913. For individual papers, see NCJ-167384-92. Chapter notes, a book review essay, 14 book reviews, and a subject index