A review of the role of the criminal justice system notes that its primary role is to arrest, convict, and punish offenders (primarily through incarceration), but this tough strategy will not, by itself, produce the desired results. Because of its emphasis on punishment and incarceration, the criminal justice system has become incapable of dealing effectively with the large number of defendants and offenders who come under its jurisdiction. The author offers suggestions for what police might do to improve their effectiveness, and advice is also offered for prosecutors, defense attorneys, judges, and corrections. A critique of State legislatures advises that they should frame policies and laws on the basis of research that shows what works rather than on their perceptions of what the public wants. Suggestions are offered for policies regarding gun and drug control, and a brief analysis of shoplifting is provided because it is a common practice for women who are attempting to support a drug habit. The concluding section of the chapter notes the failure of communities to involve social services, health, educational, medical, and related authorities in the battle against crime. The author advises that no progress can be made in reducing violence as long as this exclusion continues.