For several decades, illicit drug use has shaped and defined the criminal justice system. In many jurisdictions, the single largest criminal category is drug offenses, with alcohol and other drug (AOD) use a contributing factor in the majority of all other crime categories. Criminal justice processing and AOD treatment services are both directed toward stopping illicit drug use and related criminal activity. A working partnership between the two in an attempt to enhance the effectiveness of each was the concept behind treatment-oriented courts, frequently referred to as "Drug Courts." Focusing on individuals whose major problems stem from AOD use, the drug courts compel individuals to join treatment and supervise them throughout the treatment process. In exchange for successful completion of the treatment program, the court may dismiss or reduce the original charge, not impose a sentence or offer some lesser penalty. In these courts, the primary goal of criminal justice practitioners is sobriety rather than punishment, and the judge is the central figure in a team effort. Treatment providers can focus greater energy on assisting participants instead of enforcing sanctions.