Because patrol officers respond to many domestic family situations, they are likely to observe children in these homes who have been abused. As the first responder to family disturbances, patrol officers should know the definitions of the four child abuse categories and be able to distinguish the symptoms of each type of abuse. For each category of abuse -- physical abuse, neglect, sexual abuse, and emotional maltreatment -- this article defines the abuse and describes the child's behaviors likely to stem from the abuse. Parental behaviors that suggest a high risk for each type of abuse are also described. The article advises that when a patrol officer recognizes signs of abuse or neglect, he/she should document the observations and take appropriate action, guided by the rules and procedures of the department. The officer should collect as much information as possible about the incident while taking care not to embarrass or further endanger the child. The child should be reassured that he/she is not to blame, and emergency medical personnel should be summoned to inspect any physical signs of injury or sexual abuse. The appropriate child welfare agency for the jurisdiction should be involved to determine whether the child should be taken into protective custody. Regardless of whether the child is removed or remains in the home, the parents should be directed to whatever family counseling services are offered in the community. If sufficient probable cause exists, the officer should make an arrest. This will ensure that the child will be safe from retaliation for at least a day while social workers secure custody of the child. Officers must remain calm and professional in following correct procedures when they believe child abuse has occurred.