First responders must recognize that the threat of these weapons. In addition, their roles must be defined and training provided to enable them to fulfill the responsibilities assigned. Chemical weapons are the only type of weapon of mass destruction that a first responder can reasonably recognize and handle in a timely manner. Problems associated with training and equipping first responders include the training and initial certification of personnel, equipment, and the need for periodic practice. Planning training starts with determining the realistic responsibilities of the first responder, based on a plausible worst-case chemical scenario. First responders should learn how to recognize the various symptoms of chemical agents and how to establish and maintain a contamination and control zone. Emergency medical personnel should receive the same type of training as police and fire responders, as well as additional training in the recognition of chemical injuries, contamination control, and chemical triage. Providing this training will enable first responders to achieve a reasonable level of preparedness.