The research was prompted by recognition that variations in assessment or intake goals and practices are likely to constrain the efficiency or effectiveness of juvenile processing. The interviews were conducted in fall 1998 and spring 1999 with 20 probation officers, prosecutors, judges, and mental health and drug treatment staff from 8 rural, suburban, and urban counties and with State agency staff. The interviewees were selected through purposive sampling. Information also came from surveys completed in spring 1999 by 107 of the State's chief probation officers. There was considerable variation across jurisdictions in the timing and goals of assessments and the use of assessment data; this variation can potentially undermine the success of attempts to implement assessments of all juvenile referrals. Results revealed a wide range of obstacles to having efficient and effective intake processes; many of these will probably confound attempts to implement or make appropriate use of comprehensive assessments for all intake referrals. Findings indicated the need to clarify the exact goals of assessment at all stages of juvenile processing; to ensure that all relevant personnel, including defense attorneys, have access to information obtained from assessments; and to develop programs to ensure that all jurisdictions understand the goals of assessments and that they appropriately conduct and use assessments. Tables, figures, notes, and 40 references (Author abstract modified)