Recent national surveys have revealed a decline in juvenile drug use, adolescents’ increasing disapproval of illegal drugs, and increasing use of positive peer pressure to help friends stay drug-free. In addition, drug-related murders have declined to their lowest point in more than a decade, and the supply of drugs on world markets has declined. Future energies need to focus on empowering youth to reject illegal drugs, increasing drug treatment programs within the criminal justice system to break the cycle of drugs and crime, and closing the gap between the numbers of drug abusers and the treatment slots available on demand. Other crucial activities include strengthening efforts to reduce drug smuggling from foreign countries and helping other democracies resist the transnational threat posed by illegal drugs and the criminal organizations that traffic in them. Figures, photographs, footnotes, appended tables and glossary of abbreviations and acronyms, attached summary of evidence-based principles for substance abuse prevention, and chapter reference lists