The authors apply the concepts of clinical epidemiology to the problem of child maltreatment and address etiological dimensions of child abuse and neglect. They look at the classification of child abuse, child neglect, sexual exploitation, psychological or verbal abuse, and spouse abuse as it affects children. The authors also review epidemiological approaches to treatment, the child development process, and family environments in which maltreatment occurs. Particular emphasis is placed on child role reversal and responsibility, the ability of children to make decisions and solve problems and to trust others, and children's feelings and actions. Finally, the authors discuss important issues related to the prevention of child abuse and neglect. 41 references