Community-based correctional programs are presented in their historical, philosophical, social, and legal contexts, and an effort is made in the text to integrate theory and practice. Three parts comprising the text are probation, parole, and intermediate sanctions and special issues. Chapters in the probation section cover the history and legal foundation of probation, probation decision making, pre-sentence investigation reports, probation conditions and length, probation service organization and administration, probation supervision, and probation revocation. Chapters in the parole part examine the history and concept of parole, parole boards, parole selection, and parole conditions and revocation. Chapters in the intermediate sanctions part consider intensive supervision probation, shock incarceration, house arrest, electronic monitoring, restitution and community service, juvenile probation and aftercare, and pardon and restoration of rights. The effectiveness of community-based corrections is discussed. References, endnotes, tables, figures, and photographs