The text is intended mainly for undergraduate students who are taking their first survey course in corrections. Individual chapters focus on philosophies of punishment, public attitudes toward corrections, the role of criminological theory, punishment and corrections from the prehistoric period to the present, correctional reforms in recent decades, sentencing options and factors, and appeals. Additional chapters examine contemporary jails and detention facilities, jail management, jail personnel, major jail issues, prison types and functions, prison labor, the Federal and State prison systems, and juvenile corrections. Further chapters explain prison and jail inmate characteristics, prison and jail culture, violence in correctional institutions, juvenile inmates, inmate gangs, and inmate suicide. Other chapters cover the origins and administration of probation and parole, probation and parole violations, probation and aftercare for juvenile offenders, community corrections, intermediate sanctions, diversion, fines, restitution, community service, community corrections for juveniles, and issues in community corrections. The final three chapters focus on corrections management, issues corrections managers experience, modern management tasks, correctional law, inmate litigation, capital punishment, probable future correctional philosophies and practices, future correctional populations, and future correctional problems. Tables, figures, photographs, lists of main terms for each chapter, chapter review questions, notes, case citations, recommended reading lists for each chapter, index, and approximately 600 references