The incidence of trafficking of human beings in Central Asia, especially in Tajikistan has become a matter of concern for governments and organizations. With this concern, this study compiled factual information in an attempt to understand the incidence, causes, and implications of trafficking in migrants, specifically women and children in Tajikistan. The scope of the survey noted the following types of trafficking: (1) trafficking of women for prostitution or sexual exploitation; (2) trafficking of children for prostitution or sexual exploitation; (3) trafficking of women for domestic and sexual servitude; (4) trafficking of women to convey drugs; (5) trafficking of children to convey drugs; (6) labor servitude of Tajiks abroad; and (7) trafficking for the removal of organs. The study utilized several methods to gather, compile, and analyze information. The study is divided into seven sections: an introduction, the trafficking process, government preparedness to combat for trafficking of women, international cooperation, analysis, conclusions, and recommendations. The study reveals that the traditional nature of Tajik society and the weakness of the economy influenced trafficking in women from Tajikistan more so than in the other countries. Analysis of the underlying social and economic roots of trafficking in human beings from Tajikistan showed the realities of a fertile environment for an increase in trafficking. The trafficking of human beings was linked to several other problems including: discriminating gender practice, access to education, economic opportunities, and rule of law. Recommendations and actions are presented to combat trafficking that included: enhancing awareness, promotion of institutional and legislative reform, assistance and protection of trafficked persons, increased economic opportunities for young people at risk, and recommendations for further studies. Annexes, glossary, and references