Cannabis use is widespread in Australia despite legislative efforts to control it. Approximately 40 percent of teenagers have used cannabis which is of great concern since early initiation has been linked to drug dependence. Heavy and sustained use of cannabis has been associated with psychosis, cognitive impairment, susceptibility to respiratory disorders and cancers, and decreased immunity to other infections. There are two legislative approaches to cannabis use in Australia. The first approach seeks to create policies that will reduce the use of cannabis while the second approach seeks to reduce the harm associated with cannabis use. The second approach focuses on reducing cannabis use in high risk situations. Both approaches are prohibitionist and the author suggests a trial of a non-prohibitionist approach to cannabis use in Australia. Legislation regarding cannabis use and possession varies among Australian territories with some territories implementing stricter laws than others. Cannabis use is prohibited by law in all territories irregardless of legislative sanctions. In conclusion all legislation causes harm as well as reduces harm. A balance between enduring some harms and costs and reducing other harms must be achieved in order for legislation to be effective. 219 Notes