The authors present contrasting case studies showing the similarities between human trafficking consequences and methodology between the early 20th and 21st centuries. Examples of human trafficking that victimize U.S. citizens are presented. Interventions by Federal agencies including the Immigration and Naturalization Service and the Federal Bureau of Investigation are described. Laws and statutes that may be used in human trafficking law enforcement including the Trafficking Victims Protection Act of 2000 and the RICO Act are discussed. Social services coordination ideas for victims are presented. The specialized issues regarding female victims of human trafficking are discussed. A law enforcement checklist and list of agencies that may provide further information regarding human trafficking enforcement are provided.