Human trafficking can take many forms and is often difficult to detect because it can masquerade as a number of other offenses. However, it is important to recognize human trafficking, or modern day slavery, when it is present because the law holds strict penalties for human traffickers. Often, identifying and investigating human trafficking cases serves as an effective crime control strategy because those involved in this type of crime are often linked to other crimes as well, such as trafficking in drugs and arms, and may involve a crime syndicate. The author points out that the U.S. Department of Justice, the agency responsible for prosecuting cases of human trafficking, has opened cases in 45 States and all United States territories. Thus, cases of human trafficking are occurring all over the country and within many unsuspecting communities. Next, the Trafficking Victims Protection Act of 2000 (TVPA), which was passed by Congress in October 2000, is described. The TVPA works to protect victims of human trafficking from prosecution for the crimes they committed under duress, such as prostitution. Moreover, victims of human trafficking are treated as victims of violent crimes and are thus afforded special services, such as temporary legal immigration status, employment authorization, medical treatment, and even English language classes. The article reviews a number of Federal statutes that enable the investigation and prosecution of trafficking crimes, including the involuntary servitude statute, the forced labor statute, and the sex trafficking of children or by force, fraud, or coercion statute. Finally, practical tips for detecting and investigating trafficking cases are offered, such as knowing where most trafficking cases take place, knowing what to look for, knowing what type of questions to ask, and using pictures to help victims identify their captors. Bringing a swift end to cases of human trafficking liberates countless victims, freeing them to live life on their own terms and become productive members of society. Notes