Sampson and Laub's life-course theory attributes desistance from a criminal lifestyle to developments in informal social controls through bonding to loved ones and commitment to positive responsibilities related to family, education, and employment. The current study examined possible gender differences in elements of life-course theory in the recidivism patterns of male and female graduates of a boot camp. It involved a convenience sample of graduates from the only boot camp for adults in one Southern State. The study found that 61.5 percent of the men and 41.7 percent of the women were either arrested for a felony or had a parole violation during the 5-year follow-up period. The period of time before recidivism differed significantly for men and women. In support of life-course theory, the study found that having a relationship with a conventional partner; more children; higher education; full-time employment; and supportive relationships with family, friends, children, and others was associated with a lower likelihood of recidivism. Three factors in the subjects' perceptions of boot camp persisted as significant predictors of recidivism. Perception of program benefits, staff support, and stimulation (e.g., causes you to think about life, is challenging) were inversely related to recidivism. Women who had been physically or sexually abused within the past year were at greater risk of recidivism. Militaristic boot camps may exacerbate psychiatric problems and the effects of victimization histories. 4 tables and 98 references