The first chapter defines “trafficking in persons” as “the recruitment, transportation, transfer, harboring, or receipt of persons, by means of a threat or use of force or other forms of coercion, of abduction, of fraud, of deception, of the abuse of power or of a position of vulnerability or of the giving or receiving of payments or benefits to achieve the consent of a person having control over another person, for the purpose of exploitation.” It further distinguishes between trafficking in persons and the smuggling of migrants. The chapter also reviews international and regional instruments pertinent to combating human trafficking. The second chapter assists nations in assessing the prevalence and nature of human trafficking in their jurisdictions and the development of strategies tailored to the assessment. Chapter 3 provides guidance for the development of national legislation that criminalizes trafficking and its various elements. “International Criminal Justice Cooperation” is the featured topic of the fourth chapter, which addresses mechanisms of criminal justice cooperation under the United Nations Organized Crime Convention and promising cooperative practices. Chapter 5 discusses various aspects of law enforcement and prosecution strategies and practices in identifying, investigating, and building criminal cases against traffickers in persons. “Victim Identification” is the topic of chapter 6. It provides comprehensive guidance designed to ensure that victims of trafficking are not criminalized along with traffickers and that they are provided protection and appropriate services. Separate chapters address victim immigration status, victim assistance, the prevention of human trafficking, and the monitoring and evaluation of antitrafficking efforts. Appended overview of tools; a feedback form; and a copy of the Protocol to Prevent, Suppress, and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children, supplementing the United Nations Convention Against Transnational Organized Crime