RECENT ADVANCES IN THE CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM, PARTICULARLY IN CORRECTIONS, AT THE STATE AND LOCAL LEVELS ARE CITED. REFERRING TO RESEARCH CONDUCTED IN PENAL INSTITUTIONS IN CONNECTICUT, ALABAMA, WASHINGTON, AND CALIFORNIA, NEW TRENDS ARE NOTED IN MORE HUMANE AND PRODUCTIVE PROCEDURES, FACILITIES, AND PROGRAMS. AMONG THESE ARE SPEEDIER TRIALS, INCREASED NUMBERS OF PUBLIC DEFENDERS, RECENT SUPREME COURT DECISIONS AFFECTING ARREST PROCEDURES AND PRISONER RIGHTS, MODERN JAILS AND EDUCATIONAL PROGRAMS, INCREASED ALTERNATIVES TO INCARCERATION, AND INCREASED LEVELS OF COMMUNITY INVOLVEMENT AND SUPPORT. EXPANDED INVOLVEMENT OF THE SOCIAL AND BEHAVIOR SCIENCES AS A MEANS OF PROVIDING A BROAD RANGE OF ESSENTIAL CLIENT SERVICES IS ALSO CITED AS A WELCOME IMPROVEMENT IN CORRECTIONS. TWO CRITICAL AREAS IDENTIFIED FOR FUTURE RESEARCH ARE: (1) THE ESTABLISHMENT, MAINTENANCE, AND EVALUATION OF INSTITUTIONS, PROGRAMS, AND SITUATIONS THAT DEAL WITH OFFENDERS CLASSIFIED AS VIOLENT, RECIDIVIST, DANGEROUS, AND HARDCORE; AND (2) THE ESTABLISHMENT AND EVALUATION OF DETERRENCE AND CRIME PREVENTION PROGRAMS FOR BLACKS. EXTENSIVE REFERENCES ARE INCLUDED. (RCB)