THE HISTORY BEGINS WITH JOHN HOWARD'S REPORT ON PRISON CONDITIONS IN 1777 AND QUAKER ATTEMPTS IN PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA, BEFORE THE REVOLUTIONARY WAR TO CREATE A REFORMATORY PRISON DISCIPLINE. THOMAS BARWICK LLOYD BAKER'S ROLE AS THE FOUNDER OF THE ENGLISH SYSTEM OF SMALL, PRIVATE JUVENILE REFORMATORIES, HIS IDEA FOR AN ADULT REFORMATORY, AND THE GLOUCESTERSHIRE SYSTEM OF CUMULATIVE PUNISHMENT COUPLED WITH PROBATION AND POLICE SUPERVISION THAT HE HELPED TO CREATE AND POPULARIZE ARE THE FOCUS OF THE DISSERTATION. THROUGH CORRESPONDENCE, PUBLISHED WORKS, AND PERSONAL ACQUAINTANCES, BAKER'S WORK BECAME PART OF THE DIFFUSION OF IDEAS BETWEEN ENGLISH AND AMERICAN REFORMERS. HIS INTEREST IN JUVENILE CRIME AND CORRECTION LED TO A CAREER DEDICATED TO FINDING MEANS OF REPRESSING CRIME AND SAFEGUARDING SOCIETY AND THE WEAK FROM CRIMINALS. ALTHOUGH HIS WORK BEGAN WITH JUVENILE REFORMATORIES, IT WAS EXTENDED TO CORRECTIONAL FACILITIES FOR ADULTS, REFORMS IN PENAL DISCIPLINE, ADVOCACY OF CUMULATIVE PUNISHMENT FOR REPEATED OFFENDERS, AND THE REPLACEMENT OF INCARCERATION WITH PROBATION SECURED THROUGH POLICE SUPERVISION. A BIBLIOGRAPHY IS INCLUDED. (AUTHOR ABSTRACT MODIFIED--DP)