The programs represent a range of community-based alternatives and are listed in the MODELS information clearinghouse operated by the National Council on Crime and Delinquency. All of the programs are located in or near the youths' home communities, provide individualized programing, and aim to approximate a normal environment to the extent possible as well as to provide opportunity for growth and for gradual reintegration into free society. Nonresidential programs include job/career programs, after school or evening classes or programs, alternative schools, advocacy, counseling, mediation and arbitration, restitution, and the provision of intensive services to families by trained youth workers. Residential programs provide close supervision and intensive services for as short a period as possible. These programs include wilderness programs, preparation for independent living, foster family care, intensive foster care, group homes, highly structured group care, and secure care. Four reference notes are provided.