Child abuse and child neglect are defined, and professions mandated by New York State law to report suspected abuse or maltreatment are listed, including physicians, surgeons, dentists, hospital personnel, mental health professionals, school officials, and day care center workers. The extent of child abuse and neglect throughout the United States and in Westchester County is reported: cases opened in the county rose from 891 in 1976 to 1,231 in 1979. Causes of child abuse and neglect are discussed, and effects of abuse and neglect are listed, including death, mental retardation, impaired cognitive development, and serious emotional disturbances. The processing of a Child Protective Services (CPS) report is examined: reports are received on a 24-hour, 7-day a week basis. Within 24 hours of receipt of each report of suspected child abuse or maltreatment, a CPS worker begins an investigation. The investigation includes an assessment of the child's environment as well as daily or other contacts with the child and family, medical reports, police reports, and, if necessary, court petitions. Informational and educational programs to help professionals recognize child abuse are recommended, as are the expansion of various services. Six references and two tables are included.