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	NCJ Number:	NCJ 151025
	Title:	Women in Outlaw Motorcycle Gangs (From Constructions of Deviance: Social Power, Context, and Interaction, P 389-401, 1994, Patricia A and Peter Adler, eds. -- See NCJ-151012)
	Author(s):	C B Hopper ; J Moore
	Date Published:	1994
	Page Count:	13
	Annotation:	The role of women in motorcycle gangs and the biker subculture was studied, as well as rituals in which they engaged, using data gathered through participant observations and interviews with outlaw bikers and their female associates over a 17-year period.
	Abstract:	Most of the research was conducted in Mississippi, Tennessee, Louisiana, and Arkansas. The researchers attended biker parties, weddings, funerals, and other functions in which outlaw motorcycle gangs were involved. In addition, they visited gang clubhouses, went on "runs," and enjoyed cookouts with several outlaw organizations. Difficulties were encountered in the research effort because many women were reluctant to speak to outsiders when men were present. Nonetheless, findings revealed that biker women came from backgrounds in which they had limited opportunities in the conventional world and that women faced even more exploitation and subjugation in the deviant setting they entered in search of freedom. Biker women considered themselves free even while they were under the domination of biker men. They had the illusion of freedom because they lived with men who were bold and unrestrained. Unlike truly liberated women, however, older women did not compete with men; instead, they emulated and glorified male bikers. Biker women illustrated the pervasive power of socialization and the difficulty of changing deeply ingrained views of relations between sexes that had been inculcated in their family lives. They believed they should be submissive to men because they were taught that males were dominant. While biker women adamantly stated they were living the life they chose, it was evident their choices were guided by values they acquired in childhood. Biker women were generally expected to participate in gang rituals and to engage in economic pursuits for biker men. 22 references and 4 notes
	Main Term(s):	Motorcycle gangs
	Index Term(s):	Female offenders ; Socialization ; Female sex roles ; Sociological analyses ; Gender issues ; Louisiana ; Mississippi ; Tennessee ; Arkansas
	Sale Source:	Wadsworth Publishing Co 20 Davis Drive Belmont, CA 94002 United States of America
	Type:	Survey
	Country:	United States of America
	Language:	English
	To cite this abstract, use the following link: https://www.ncjrs.gov/App/Publications/abstract.aspx?ID=151025
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