Notes

1 International Association of Chiefs of Police, 2000, What Do Victims Want? Effective Strategies to Achieve Justice for Victims of Crime, 1999 IACP Summit on Victims of Crime, Alexandria, VA: International Association of Chiefs of Police, 4.

2 Thema Bryant-Davis, 2005, Thriving in the Wake of Trauma: A Multicultural Guide, Westport, CT: Praeger Publishers, 2–3.

3 Rebecca Campbell and Sharon Wasco, 2005, "Understanding Rape and Sexual Assault: 20 Years of Progress and Future Directions," Journal of Interpersonal Violence 20 (1): 127–131.

4 Rebecca Campbell, 1998, "The Community Response to Rape: Victims' Experiences with the Legal, Medical, and Mental Health Systems," American Journal of Community Psychology 26(3): 355–379; Dean Kilpatrick and Anne Seymour, 1992, Rape in America: A Report to the Nation, Arlington, VA: National Victim Center.

5 Kilpatrick and Seymour, Rape in America: A Report to the Nation.

6 SANE Training, victim experience, Tulsa, Oklahoma, 1994. Used with permission.

7 Bryant-Davis, Thriving in the Wake of Trauma: A Multicultural Guide, 146.

8 Ibid., 147.

9 Sexual Assault Support Services at Duke University identified the stages of trauma and recovery described in this section.

10 This list is compiled from several different sources: the American Psychological Association (Tips for Recovering From Disasters and Other Traumatic Events), the Rape, Abuse & Incest National Network (Effects of Sexual Assault), the National Center for Victims of Crime (How Crime Victims React to Trauma), and Sexual Assault Advocate/Counselor Training (Impact of Sexual Assault).