Title: NIJ Research Portfolio 1998. Series: Portfolio Author(s): National Institute of Justice Published: National Institute of Justice, November 1998 Subject(s): Crime prevention, criminal justice system, technology in law enforcement, program evaluation, and funding resources 125 pages 237,000 bytes ------------------------------- Figures, charts, forms, and tables are not included in this ASCII plain-text file. To view this document in its entirety, download the Adobe Acrobat graphic file available from this Web site or order a print copy from NCJRS at 800-851-3420 (877-712-9279 for TTY users). ------------------------------- U.S. Department of Justice Office of Justice Programs 810 Seventh Street N.W. Washington, DC 20531 Janet Reno Attorney General U.S. Department of Justice Raymond C. Fisher Associate Attorney General Laurie Robinson Assistant Attorney General Noel Brennan Deputy Assistant Attorney General Jeremy Travis Director, National Institute of Justice ------------------------------- Office of Justice Programs World Wide Web Site: http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov National Institute of Justice World Wide Web Site: http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/nij ------------------------------- The National Institute of Justice is a component of the Office of Justice Programs, which also includes the Bureau of Justice Assistance, Bureau of Justice Statistics, Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, and Office for Victims of Crime. ------------------------------- NIJ Research Portfolio 1998 November 1998 NCJ 171670 ------------------------------- CONTENTS INTRODUCTION CRIMINAL BEHAVIOR Drugs and Crime Residential Substance Abuse Treatment Violence Intramural Projects Research Applications Contract Projects CRIME CONTROL AND PREVENTION Community Policing Crime Mapping Arrestee Drug Abuse Monitoring (ADAM) Program Firearms Research Locally Initiated Partnerships--Policing Intramural Projects Research Applications Contract Projects CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM Corrections Courts Law Enforcement Family Support Program Intramural Projects Research Applications Contract Projects TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT Community-Oriented Policing Technology DNA 5-Year Plan Forensic DNA Laboratory Improvement Program National Law Enforcement and Corrections Technology Centers Less-Than-Lethal Technology ------------------------------- INTRODUCTION This Portfolio contains all ongoing research, evaluation, and program development activities supported by the National Institute of Justice (NIJ) through May 30, 1998. Each project in this Portfolio is part of NIJ's overall strategic plan to respond to the Nation's critical criminal justice concerns. The projects include only currently active intramural research conducted by NIJ staff and currently active extramural research, conducted through grants, interagency and cooperative agreements, contracts, and fellowships. An asterisk (*) identifies awards supported by the Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act of 1994 (Crime Act). NIJ's Solicitations The Institute's approach to research is described in the NIJ Prospectus, Building Knowledge About Crime and Justice. An open solicitation invites investigator-initiated proposals in broadly defined areas of research. Focused solicitations for research on specific issues and programs are issued throughout the year. Many solicitations focus on research emphasized by the 1994 Crime Act: community policing, sentencing and correctional programs, violence against women, and drug courts. How to Find a Grant The Portfolio lists projects alphabetically by title within four main categories and several subcategories that reflect NIJ's administrative structure (see the table of contents). Many grants logically overlap categories but space limitations prevent listing grants in more than one category. Readers who are looking for specific topics will find the subject index on page 64 useful in locating topics (such as domestic violence, gangs, or community policing) that administratively fall under more than one category. Subcategories within each of the four main topic areas include: o Extramural research--awards made to organizations and researchers not affiliated with NIJ. o Intramural research--projects conducted by NIJ staff. o Research Applications Contract Projects-- projects that focus on the dissemination of critical research findings and important innovations in criminal justice practices. For Further Information For online access to this Portfolio, connect to the NIJ World Wide Web page at http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/nij or the Justice Information Center at http://www.ncjrs.org. To learn more about NIJ's research activities, visit the NIJ Web site at http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/nij. For information regarding the funding opportunities resulting from the 1994 Crime Act, contact the Department of Justice Response Center at (800) 421-6770. For information about research conducted under the Crime Act, obtain a copy of Criminal Justice Research under the Crime Act--1995 to 1996 (NCJ 166142) available from the National Criminal Justice Reference Service, P.O. Box 6000, Rockville, MD 20849-6000, (800) 851-3420 or (301) 519-5500, http://www.ncjrs.org, or e-mail: askncjrs@ncjrs.org. CRIMINAL BEHAVIOR Changing Patterns of Homicide and Social Policy in Three American Cities North Carolina State University Margaret Zahn 95-IJ-CX-0115 This research documents changes in the types and numbers of homicides across time in three American cities to determine neighborhood correlates of homicide victimization and offending. Correlates of Specialization and Escalation in Criminal Careers Pennsylvania State University, Office of Sponsored Programs Chester Britt 97-IJ-CX-0020 This project is investigating factors that might predict the likelihood that offenders will specialize in a crime type or escalate to more serious forms of crime over the course of their criminal career. Delinquent Networks in Philadelphia: Policing Gangs Temple University Joan McCord 92-IJ-CX-K008 This project focuses on gang structures, delinquent networks, gang interaction patterns, the ways in which gang structures affect individual involve-ment in criminal activities, and the criminal justice system's response to these activities. Evaluation of G.R.E.A.T. University of Nebraska, Omaha Finn-Aage Esbensen 94-IJ-CX-0058 This project supports the longitudinal evaluation of the Gang Resistance Education and Training (G.R.E.A.T.) program, a school-based gang prevention curriculum taught by law enforcement officers. Female Gang Involvement in the Midwest: Two-City Comparison University of Southern California Jody Miller 96-IJ-CX-0005 This project explores the etiology of female participation in gangs in Cleveland and Columbus, Ohio, and the structural and cultural contexts in which gangs emerge and operate. Health Care Fraud Control in an Electronic Environment: Phase II Harvard University Malcolm K. Sparrow 96-IJ-CX-0010 This evaluation assesses the state of the art in fraud controls in the health care industry by examining the effects of electronic claims processing and the increased prevalence of managed care on patterns of fraud. Recommendations will be made for improving health care fraud controls. Immigration and Naturalization Service Detention and Removal: A "White Paper" Yale Law School Peter H. Schuck 97-IJ-CX-0005 This report examines the limitations of the Immigration and Naturalization Service's (INS) current detention strategies and explores possible improvements and alternatives. Impact Evaluation of the Opportunity To Succeed (OPTS) Program The Urban Institute Shellie Rossman 94-IJ-CX-0010 This 4-year evaluation includes a process evaluation, an impact evaluation, and a cost-benefit analysis of the OPTS program, which provides an array of services to probationers and parolees returning to their communities. Longitudinal Implementation of the Children-at-Risk Program The Urban Institute Adele Harrell 92-DD-CX-0031 This 4-year evaluation of the Children-at-Risk Program--the 3-year program interval plus 1 year of followup for the last cohort completing services--includes a process evaluation, an impact evaluation, and a cost- benefit analysis. Secondary Analyses of the Impact of Co-offending in Criminal Justice Data Sets Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey Elin J. Waring 96-IJ-CX-0012 This award supports sophisticated statistical analyses to develop improved models that can assess the impact of co-offending in terms of criminal justice outcomes. Youth Groups and Gangs in Europe University of Southern California Malcolm W. Klein 98-IJ-CX-0027 This award is supporting a multinational workshop on coordinated approaches to street-gang research in Europe. o Drugs and Crime Assessment of the High-Intensity Drug Trafficking Areas (HIDTA) BOTEC Analysis Corporation Patricia M. Reinhardt 97-IJ-CX-0044 Five sites--Houston, Los Angeles, Miami, New York City, and the Southwest Border--that participated in the High-Intensity Drug Trafficking Areas program are being evaluated to ascertain effectiveness of program implementation, distribution of program resources, and ability to foster interagency cooperation. Breaking the Cycle University of Alabama, Birmingham L. Foster Cook 96-IJ-CX-0065 This award supports a demonstration project that tests hypotheses about the linkages between drugs and crime by combining drug treatment with criminal justice sanctions and incentives. Cocaine Alternative Treatment Study (CATS) National Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse at Columbia University Herbert D. Kleber 97-IJ-CX-0026 This award assists the Cocaine Alternative Treatment Study in monitoring six data collection sites during the first year of operation through development of a data management system that will track site performance, analyze program and client data, and assess compliance with protocol. COMBAT (Community-Backed Anti-Drug Tax) Program Evaluation Abt Associates Inc. Dana Hunt 96-IJ-CX-0091 This evaluation collects data about COMBAT and analyzes the cost- effectiveness of a wide variety of programs to enforce drug laws, prosecute and punish offenders, prevent drug use and associated crime, and treat drug users. Drug Monitoring in Criminal Justice Management Applications Orleans Parish District Attorney Tom Mieczkowski 96-IJ-CX-0001 This project is testing a criminal justice population for exposure to illicit drugs using an ion mobility spectrometer. The project includes an evaluation of the feasibility of integrating this technology into current drug-testing protocols of urinalysis and hair assays. Evaluation of Breaking the Cycle The Urban Institute Adele Harrell 97-IJ-CX-0013 This award supports evaluation of a comprehensive and coordinated program in Birmingham, Alabama, designed to reduce substance abuse and criminal activity and improve the health and social functioning of drug-involved offenders by combining drug treatment with criminal justice sanctions and incentives. Evaluation of Operation Drug TEST (Testing, Effective Sanctions, Treatment) University of California, Los Angeles, and RAND Corporation Douglas Longshore 97-IJ-CX-0041 Researchers are conducting a comprehensive impact and outcome evaluation of Operation Drug TEST, a drug testing and monitoring program for pretrial defendants in 22 Federal judicial districts. Homeless and Nonhomeless Persons: Patterns of Arrest and Drug Use California Public Health Foundation Richard Speigelman 97-IJ-CX-0045 This study is distinguishing patterns of arrest and drug use for homeless versus nonhomeless persons in U.S. cities that participate in the Drug Use Forecasting program. Impact of Managerial Style on the Colombian Distribution of Cocaine to the Wholesale Level City University of New York, Research Foundation Joseph R. Fuentes 96-IJ-CX-0035 This project examines the organization and operation of wholesale cocaine dealing, including distribution, marketing, and the role of wholesalers; disciplinary tactics used for delinquent payments, broken transactions, and other violations; and adaptive responses to law enforcement operations such as interdiction, eradication, and money laundering investigations. Influence of Neighborhood Disadvantage on Delinquency and Drug Use State University of New York, Albany, Research Foundation Eric P. Baumer 97-IJ-CX-0028 This award is exploring the effects of individual, family, and neighborhood characteristics on delinquency and drug use among adolescents and young adults and possible indirect effects of neighborhood on key causal paths to delinquency. Life Course Model of Careers in Crime and Substance Abuse University of Minnesota Christopher Uggen 98-IJ-CX-0036 The award examines the effect of employment on drug use and criminal activity. *Reducing Disorder, Fear, and Crime in Public Housing: An Evaluation of an Advanced Stage Drug Crime Elimination Program Washington State University Quint Thurman 96-IJ-CX-0074 Reclaiming Our Area Residents (ROAR) is an ongoing public housing drug elimination program sponsored by the Spokane (Washington) Housing Authority and the Spokane Police Department. This study examines the program's impact on community revitalization. Validity of Self-Reported Drug Use Across Five Factors University of Maryland, College Park Andre B. Rosay 97-IJ-CX-0051 Drug Use Forecasting data are being used to determine statistically significant differences in the validity of self-reported drug use based on gender, ethnicity, age, and offense category. o Residential Substance Abuse Treatment (RSAT) *Client Motivation in Therapeutic Community Treatment for Offenders University of Delaware, Newark Steve Martin 97-RT-VX-K004 This project is evaluating the expansion of Delaware's therapeutic continuum of residential treatment for drug abusing prisoners. *Collaborative Evaluation of Pennsylvania's Program for Drug-Involved Parole Violators Vera Institute of Justice, Inc. Douglas Young 98-RT-VX-K002 The Pennsylvania Department of Corrections and the Vera Institute of Justice are collaboratively evaluating the RSAT program as well as conducting research on recidivism and recommitment of technical parole violators to Pennsylvania state prisons. *Evaluation of Florida's RSAT for State Prisoners Program Florida State University Aaron McNeece 97-RT-VX-K007 This project is evaluating the implementation and treatment effects of the RSAT program at three Florida correctional facilities. *Evaluation of Jail-Based Treatment in Virginia University of Maryland, College Park Faye Taxman 98-RT-VX-K001 This award supports an evaluation of the implementation of the jail-based substance abuse treatment program and its aftercare component. Researchers are collecting data about the milieu in both the jail and the community, tracking the treatment, and monitoring the outcome. *Evaluation of RSAT University of Wisconsin, Madison Paul D. Moberg 97-RT-VX-K001 This project is evaluating local implementation of Wisconsin's RSAT program, which is located in a minimum security facility and offers a therapeutic community for prisoners who are dually diagnosed with psychiatric disorders. *Evaluation of RSAT for State Prison Inmates University of New Mexico Paul Guerin 97-RT-VX-K002 This project is evaluating the "We Are Recovering" therapeutic community at the Southern New Mexico Correctional Facility and developing a framework for future evaluation of the program's aftercare component. *Evaluation of RSAT for State Prisoners Program University of Missouri, St. Louis Mary Beth Johnson 97-RT-VX-K013 The Ozark Correctional Center Drug Treatment Program is being evaluated to determine whether participation in the program has resulted in more desirable outcomes for inmates. *Evaluation of Texas Youth Commission RSAT Chemical Dependency Treatment University of Texas, Austin William R. Kelly 97-RT-VX-K016 The focus of this collaborative effort is an assessment of the relationship between offender characteristics and predictors and treatment progress and completion. *Evaluation of the Barrett Juvenile Correctional Center's Treatment of Substance Abusing Juvenile Offenders Virginia Commonwealth University Jill Gordon 97-RT-VX-K020 The Barrett Juvenile Correctional Center in Virginia is being evaluated to examine the impact this highly structured program for youth with moderate-to-severe substance abuse problems has had on the development of prosocial attitudes and behaviors. *Evaluation of the Harris County (Texas) Sheriff's Department "New Choices" Program University of Houston Joseph Carbonari 97-RT-VX-K010 New Choices, a program operated by the Harris County Sheriff's Department in Houston, Texas, is being evaluated to determine the impact of the program on clients. *Evaluation of the Forever Free Substance Abuse Program University of California, Los Angeles Michael Pendergast 97-RT-VX-K003 This award supports evaluation of "Forever Free," a 6-month residential treatment program for women inmates that is followed by community residential treatment. *Evaluation of the Maxey Substance Abuse Treatment Program University of Michigan William Birdsall 97-RT-VX-K008 This award supports an evaluation of the Maxey Training School for substance abusing youth involved in the Michigan juvenile justice system. *Evaluation of the Pine Lodge Prerelease RSAT Community for Women Washington State University Dretha Phillips 97-RT-VX-K014 This evaluation is obtaining data on the strengths, weaknesses, and initial effects on participants of the Pine Lodge Prerelease RSAT in eastern Washington State. *Evaluation of the Rhode Island Department of Corrections RSAT Program Brown University Craig Love 97-RT-VX-K012 The Correctional Recovery Academy, operated by the Rhode Island Department of Corrections, is being evaluated to determine the efficacy of this cognitive and behavioral residential treatment program. *Evaluation of the RSAT for State Prisoners Program University of Illinois, Champaign Ernest L. Cowles 97-RT-VX-K019 A new program located at the Illinois Youth Center at St. Charles is being evaluated to provide detailed information on the program's goals, context, structure, and organizational linkages. *Evaluation of the South Carolina RSAT for State Prisoners University of South Carolina Bill Ruefle 97-RT-VX-K015 The Correctional Recovery Academy, operated by the South Carolina Department of Corrections, is being evaluated to determine the effectiveness of the Academy and of the related postrelease continuing care program. *Evaluation of the Therapeutic Community Program for Female Substance Abusing Offenders at the Dwight Corrections Center Governors State University Cheryl L. Mejta 97-RT-VX-K017 This award is a process and impact evaluation of a federally funded project to treat female substance abuse offenders. *National Evaluation of Prison Substance Abuse Treatment National Development and Research Institute Douglas Lipton 97-RT-VX-K006 This project is conducting a national process evaluation of the RSAT for State Prisoners program, providing assistance to the States, and performing preliminary work on an outcome evaluation. *Ohio RSAT Evaluation Ohio Office of Criminal Justice Services Richard Mukisa 97-RT-VX-K011 This partnership between the University of Cincinnati and the Ohio Office of Criminal Justice Services is evaluating all four of Ohio's RSAT programs. *"The Other Way" Program Evaluation University of Iowa Anita Patterson 97-RT-VX-K009 This award is evaluating the operations and effectiveness of The Other Way, a substance abuse treatment program for adult men at Iowa's Clarinda Correctional Facility. *Therapeutic Milieu in Treatment of Offenders: Evaluation in Maryland University of Maryland, College Park Faye S. Taxman 97-RT-VX-K005 This award supports a process and impact evaluation of Maryland's comprehensive strategy for providing treatment services to offenders both during incarceration and upon release through an aftercare component. o Violence Adolescent Violence: Lethal and Nonlethal Columbia University, School of Public Health Jeffrey Fagan 97-IJ-CX-0023 This study of violent incidents among 15-24 year olds living in New York City in 1986-1995 is identifying the individual, social, and economic risk factors that contribute to violence among young people. Adolescent Violence in Schools and Communities Vera Institute of Justice, Inc. Mercer Sullivan 97-IJ-CX-0050 This award is using a comparative ethnographic approach to examine violence in the lives of adolescents, including the effect of violence on development, the construction of psychological coping mechanisms, the relationship between the fear of being victimized and the propensity to victimize others, and the meaning of violence to adolescents. *Alcohol and Drugs in Domestic Violence: Their Effect on Women's Use of the Police University of North Carolina, Charlotte Ira W. Hutchison 97-IJ-CX-0047 This study investigates the connections between the use of alcohol and other drugs and women's use of the police in domestic violence incidents. *Alcohol Problems and Violence Against Women University of Northern Iowa William R. Downs 96-WT-NX-0005 This study is describing the relationship between alcohol abuse and domestic violence among two at-risk populations--women in alcohol treatment programs and women receiving services as victims of domestic violence. Assault Crisis Teams: Preventing Youth Violence Through Monitoring, Mentoring, and Mediation St. Louis (Missouri) Metropolitan Police Department Richard Rosenfeld 94-IJ-CX-K012 This project creates assault crisis teams that work in an emergency medical treatment center serving high-risk populations, in a juvenile detention facility, in an adult medium-security institution, and in one or two neighborhoods with high levels of violence. The project includes an evaluation of the teams' impact. Assessing the Use of Medical Records as Legal Evidence in Domestic Violence Cases Northeastern University Nancy Isaac 97-WT-VX-0008 This researcher-practitioner partnership involving the legal, medical, and victim advocacy communities is evaluating the utility of medical record information as legal evidence of domestic violence. Assessment of Family Violence Interventions National Academy of Sciences Rosemary Chalk 95-IJ-CX-0001 A committee of experts is developing a synthesis of the relevant research and expert opinions regarding the strengths and limitations of existing program interventions in the area of family violence. Brooklyn Domestic Violence Experiment Victim Services, Inc. Robert Davis 94-IJ-CX-0047 This award supports an experimental evaluation of a batterers' treatment program in Brooklyn, New York, to determine rates of new violence. Childhood Victimization and Adult Violence: Using Multiple Measures to Better Estimate Offending State University of New York, Albany, Research Foundation Cathy Spatz Widom 93-IJ-CX-0031 This award, which extends funding for research on childhood victimization and adult violence, focuses on the use of multiple measures to better estimate offending. Comparing Adult and Juvenile Homicides in Los Angeles University of Southern California Cheryl Maxson 97-IJ-CX-0018 This project, part of a series of homicide studies, expands to adult homicides an extensive data collection currently under way on juvenile homicides in Los Angeles to develop recommendations for improved criminal justice and community responses. Developmental Antecedents of Sexual Aggression Joseph J. Peters Institute Robert Prentky 94-IJ-CX-0031 This project collects data on convicted rapists, self-reported sexually coercive college students, and two control groups to determine if the develop-mental antecedents of sexual aggression differ among the four groups. Dissemination and Communication Activities of the National Consortium for Violence Research National Science Foundation Harmon M. Hosch 97-IJ-CX-A060 This award supports vigorous two-way exchange of ideas, feedback, and advice between researchers and practitioners regarding approaches being pursued to prevent or reduce violence. *Domestic Violence Intervention Project East Bay Community Foundation Maria Theresa Viramontes 96-IJ-CX-0098 This research partnership among the East Bay Public Safety Corridor Partnership, the National Council on Crime and Delinquency, and the Berkeley (California) Police Department is developing and testing screening tools to aid police in the decisionmaking process in domestic violence situations. The project's purpose is to integrate the criminal justice and rehabilitative/treatment models into a single comprehensive approach to responding to domestic violence. Domestic Violence Shelter Population in San Diego San Diego Association of Governments Susan Pennell 97-IJ-CX-0007 This award supports creation of a central repository of comprehensive information on domestic violence shelters and the types of services needed to improve delivery of services. *Domestic Violence: Understanding the Criminal Justice Support Systems for Women in Rural Communities New Mexico State University Satya P. Krishnan 97-WT-VX-0003 This award is examining the initial contacts and progressions of 150 women in rural communities through three formal support systems (shelter, law enforcement, and the court system) for a period of one year, the factors involved in a woman's decision to seek and use the three formal support systems, and the services offered by each. Drugs and Alcohol and Their Connections to Domestic Violence University of New Mexico Marjorie Hudson 98-IJ-CX-0031 This award is collecting urine sample, police, and interview data on 400 domestic violence arrestees in Bernalillo County (Albuquerque), New Mexico, to examine the nexus between substance abuse and domestic violence. Effects of Procedural Justice in Spouse Assault: A Reanalysis of the Milwaukee Domestic Violence Experiment University of Maryland, College Park Raymond Paternoster 96-IJ-CX-0058 This award supports secondary analysis of the NIJ-funded Milwaukee Domestic Violence Experiment to contribute to understanding of the deterrent effect of issuing a warning to a suspected abuser versus arresting the suspect. *Efficacy of Court-Mandated Counseling for Domestic Violence Offenders: A Broward County, Florida, Experiment Florida Atlantic University Lynette Feder 96-WT-NX-0008 This research assesses the effectiveness of a 26-week counseling intervention for batterers based on the Duluth, Minnesota, model. Data from probation reports, monthly treatment attendance and participation reports, police contacts, and offender and victim reports of violence both before and after treatment are analyzed. Estimating the Population at Risk for Violence During Child Visitation Victim Services Agency Chris O'Sullivan 98-IJ-CX-0021 The project is examining family court records to determine the extent to which women attempting to separate from a violent partner face risks of violence when fathers exercise child visitation rights. *Evaluation of a Coordinated Community Response to Domestic Violence Applied Research Associates Stan Orchowsky 95-WT-NX-0004 This evaluation assesses the effectiveness of the Alexandria (Virginia) Domestic Violence Intervention Project, which combines a mandatory arrest policy with a no-drop prosecution strategy, court-mandated treatment for batterers, and services for battered women, such as emergency shelter, counseling, and court advocacy. Evaluation of Tribal Strategies Against Violence Initiative Orbis Associates Richard Nichols 97-DD-BX-0031 The Bureau of Justice Assistance's Tribal Strategies Against Violence initiative is being evaluated to find out what comprehensive strategies have been implemented by selected sites and to analyze how specific characteristics of the reservation have affected development of the initiative. Evaluation of Victim Advocacy Services in Ohio's Domestic Violence Cases Ohio Office of Criminal Justice Services Carol Bohmer 97-WT-VX-0009 This project assesses the effectiveness of Ohio's advocacy services in helping women to pursue adjudication of perpetrators and achieve goals in personal function. *Exploration of the Experience and Needs of Formerly Intimate Stalking Victims West Chester University Mary P. Brewster 95-WT-NX-0002 This research identifies the evolution and patterns of stalking behavior; the psychological, financial, physical, and behavioral effects of stalking on its victims; the effectiveness (or ineffectiveness) of legal mechanisms in protecting victims; the various needs of stalking victims; the factors related to subsequent violence in stalking cases; and related issues. Exploring the Links Between Substance Abuse and Domestic Violence Research Triangle Institute James Collins, NIJ Visiting Fellow 97-IJ-CX-0009 This award supports a study of programs that integrate domestic violence services and substance abuse treatment for both batterers and victims. Exploring Youth Violence Risk and Protective Factors University of Southern California Cheryl Maxson 98-IJ-CX-0020 This award is identifying both the risk and protective factors that relate to youth violence to determine how these factors can be manipulated to create effective prevention programs and policies. *Extent and Nature of Sexual Victimization of College Women University of Cincinnati Bonnie Fisher 95-WT-NX-0001 This project collects data from a national sample of women enrolled at postsecondary institutions in the United States, using structured telephone inter-views to obtain incident and victimization data. *Factors Related to Domestic Violence Court Disposition in a Large Urban Area: The Role of Victim-Witness Reluctance University of Cincinnati Joanne Belknap 96-WT-NX-0004 The purpose of this study is to determine which factors influence judicial and prosecutorial decisionmaking in domestic violence cases and which factors influence victim-witness reluctance in bringing batterers to successful adjudication. Family and Community Violence: Experiences of Adolescents University of California, Los Angeles Susan B. Sorenson 96-IJ-CX-0017 This project studies the relationship between exposure to family violence and subsequent violence-related attitudes, victimization, and perpetration in an ethnically diverse sample of adolescents living in the Los Angeles area. From Probable Cause to Beyond Reasonable Doubt Longview (Washington) Police Department Bob Burgreen 97-DD-BX-0053 This project is linking arrest and final disposition in domestic violence cases through the use of a legal coordinator assigned to assist in all aspects of domestic violence cases. High School Youth, Weapons, and Violence: A National Survey of Weapon-Related Behavior, Crime, and Victimization Tulane University Joseph Sheley 94-IJ-CX-0033 This project conducts a national survey of a random sample of 3,000 male high school juniors and seniors to determine weapon-related violence, victimization, and associated behavior. Homicide in New York City, 1790-1990 University of California, Los Angeles Eric Monkkonen 96-IJ-CX-0016 This award supports continuation of a data series on homicides over a period of two centuries in New York City. *Impact Evaluation of STOP Grants Law Enforcement and Prosecution Institute for Law and Justice, Inc. J. Thomas McEwen 96-WT-NX-0007 This project involves an impact evaluation at 8 to 10 sites under the Law Enforcement and Prosecution purpose area of the Office of Justice Programs' STOP (Services, Training, Officers, Prosecutors) Violence Against Women formula grants. The evaluation addresses a cross section of various local activities, including training for law enforcement officers and prosecutors, police and prosecution policies, and programs that address stalking. *Impact Evaluation of STOP Grant Programs for Reducing Violence Against Women Among Indian Tribes University of Arizona Eileen M. Luna 96-WT-NX-0006 This project evaluates the impact of the programs for women among Indian tribes supported by the Office of Justice Programs' STOP (Services, Training, Officers, Prosecutors) Violence Against Women grants. The goal of the programs is to expand understanding of the cultural and legal context of reducing violence against women among Indian tribes. *Impact Evaluation of Victim Services Programs: STOP Grants Funded by the Violence Against Women Act American Bar Association Barbara Smith 96-WT-NX-0003 This project evaluates the first 2 years of the Office of Justice Programs' STOP (Services, Training, Officers, Prosecutors) Violence Against Women grants awarded to victim services programs for work in the areas of sexual assault, domestic violence, and stalking. *Impact of Legal Advocacy on Intimate Partner Homicide Carnegie Mellon University Daniel Nagin 97-WT-VX-0004 This award examines how local policy, social services, and resources committed to legal advocacy effect differences in the rate of intimate partner homicide over time across jurisdictions. Intervention for Elementary School Children Exposed to Community Violence Howard University Hope Hill 95-MU-MU-0026 This project, cofunded with the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, supports an initial evaluation of a culturally appropriate, multilevel, after-school intervention designed to reduce children's likelihood of experiencing the negative psychological effects of violence and engaging in violent behavior. *Models of Community Coordination in Response to Partner Violence State University of New York, Albany, Research Foundation Alissa Worden 95-WT-NX-0006 This evaluation complements an ongoing analysis of the impact of legislated reforms in family violence cases in New York State and develops a typology of community coordination models. Murder in Space City Reexamined: Houston Homicide Sam Houston State University Victoria Brewer 97-IJ-CX-0014 This award, part of a series of homicide studies, is analyzing data from Houston, Texas, police files to determine factors that correlate with high homicide rates and case disposition. *National Evaluation of the Violence Against Women Act Grants The Urban Institute Martha Burt 95-WT-NX-0005 This project continues documentation of the range of programs funded by the law enforcement and prosecution grants under the Violence Against Women Act, including assessment of grantee outcomes, examination of their planning and implementation efforts, and development of a strategy for documenting long-term impacts. Patterns and Trends in Youth-Perpetrated Homicides in the United States Research Triangle Institute Robert Flewelling 95-IJ-CX-0114 This project examines patterns and trends in youth-perpetrated homicides since 1980 and explores social and demographic determinants of the recent increases in youth homicide. Patterns of Violence: An Analysis of Individual Offenders University of Nebraska, Omaha Julie Horney 96-IJ-CX-0015 This study examines varying levels of violence by individuals across time, including the avoidance of violence in high-risk situations. Project on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods Harvard University Felton J. Earls 93-IJ-CX-K005 This longitudinal study, which is sponsored jointly with the MacArthur Foundation, is collecting data over an 8-year period on 7,000 children and youths from birth to age 18, their families, and their neighborhoods to trace the development of delinquent and criminal behavior patterns, including substance abuse. *Richmond, Virginia-Police Foundation Domestic Violence Partnership Police Foundation Rosann Greenspan 98-WT-VX-0001 This researcher-practitioner partnership is developing a data system for tracking domestic violence program interventions and assessing and evaluating the outcomes. Risk of Serious Injury or Death in Intimate Violence Illinois Criminal Justice Information Authority Carolyn R. Block 96-IJ-CX-0020 This project identifies factors that place battered women in danger of life- threatening injury or death and develops high-risk profiles by analyzing cases in which women and men were killed through intimate violence. *Stalking: Its Role in Serious Domestic Violence Cases University of Colorado, Colorado Springs Cindy B. Kamilar 97-WT-VX-0002 This award examines the role of stalking in serious cases of domestic violence and the effectiveness of antistalking laws in terms of arrest, conviction, and sanction rates. *Study of the Effectiveness of State Antistalking Efforts Institute for Law and Justice, Inc. J. Thomas McEwen 97-WT-VX-0007 This national assessment of State antistalking efforts is identifying the strengths and weaknesses of the efforts, describing model practices and procedures, and specifying ways that antistalking initiatives can be strengthened. *Targeting Cycles of Domestic Violence: Assessment, Review, and Recommendations Seattle Police Department Dan W. Fleissener 95-IJ-CX-0097 This project supports a partnership between the University of Washington and the Seattle Police Department to gather information on the cycle of violence and develop more effective measures against domestic violence. Understanding, Preventing, and Controlling Domestic Violence Incidents University of Massachusetts, Lowell Research Foundation Eve Buzawa 95-IJ-CX-0027 This project examines official records and conducts indepth interviews with batterers and victims to determine the effect of judicial intervention on batterers sentenced in the Quincy, Massachusetts, District Court. Victimization Outcomes: What Influences Victim Compliance, Injury, and Crime Completion? University of Maryland, College Park Catherine A. Gallagher 98-IJ-CX-0025 This project examines the relationships between past victimization characteristics and current victimization outcomes and how victim, offender, and situational characteristics influence victimization outcomes. *Violence Against Women in El Paso, Texas Texas A&M University Andrew Giacomazzi 97-WE-VX-0131 This award supports a collaboration between the El Paso Police and the University of Texas at El Paso to implement strategies to reduce the occurrence of domestic violence and evaluate the effectiveness of the strategies. Violence and Threats of Violence Against Women in America Center for Policy Research Patricia Tjaden 93-IJ-CX-0012 This supplement continues the study of a national telephone survey of 8,000 women and 8,000 men age 18 and older to advance knowledge about the nature, extent, and consequences of various forms of violence and threats of violence against women, including stalking, physical and sexual assault, and childhood victimization. o Intramural Projects Effects of Spatial and Temporal Aggregation on the Analysis of Patterns of Homicide Nancy G. La Vigne Using 3 years of data from Washington, D.C., homicides, this study explores various grouping methods and areal unit sizes to determine the extent to which these factors produce bias or inefficient estimates in regression analysis. Optimal Use of Multiple Methods of Drug Testing Pamela K. Lattimore A variety of technologies can now detect illegal drug use, and for each technique (for example, urinalysis and hair analysis) specimen collection involves different costs and response times. This project is developing methods for determining when and how to use different types of drug tests. Race and Recidivism Pamela K. Lattimore, Richard L. Linster, and Christy A. Visher This project examines the relationship between race (black, Hispanic, and white) and criminal recid-ivism among approximately 4,000 male youths released from the California Youth Authority. Repeat Victimization in Residential Burglary Richard Titus This research is using segment-level analysis of burglary in the National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS) to determine whether one housing unit in the segment is disproportionately victimized during the 3 years the segment is in the NCVS sample and in the 6 months following a burglary. o Research Applications Contract Projects Abt Associates Inc. Joan Mullen OJP-C-94-007 Drug Treatment in the Age of Managed Care This report identifies and describes current practices and key issues associated with providing drug treatment to incarcerated drug abusers at the State and local levels. Treatment Programs for Batterers This report explores the features and findings of a number of model programs that respond to domestic violence. CRIME CONTROL AND PREVENTION Analysis of Police Use of Force Data University of South Carolina Geoffrey P. Alpert 95-IJ-CX-0104 This project reanalyzes and compares the data sets on police use of force from the Metro-Dade, Florida, and Eugene and Springfield, Oregon, police departments. Through data analysis, researchers are determining the relationship between the amount of resistance met by police and the amount of force used to control suspects. *Analysis of the Factors Affecting the Clearance of Homicides Justice Research and Statistics Association Joan C. Weiss 96-IJ-CX-0047 This multisite study analyzes factors affecting the clearance of homicides in police departments in several major cities to offer guidance on the extent to which clearance rates are useful in measuring police performance. Beyond Arrest: The Portland, Oregon, Experiment Portland State University Annette Jolin 95-IJ-CX-0054 This study explores whether arrest in the context of a coordinated domestic violence response system has a greater deterrent effect than arrest by itself and evaluates the effectiveness of the Portland Police Bureau's Domestic Violence Reduction Unit. *Boston's Safe Neighborhood Initiatives Harvard University Mark Moore 97-MU-MU-0013 This award assists Boston's Safe Neighborhood Initiatives in developing a model for implementing partnerships among police, prosecutors, and members of the community to prevent and reduce crime and improve the quality of life and in developing appropriate performance measurements for such collaborations. Childhood Victimization and Delinquency, Adult Criminality, and Violent Criminal Behavior: A Replication and Extension Washington Department of Social and Health Services Diana J. English 97-IJ-CX-0017 This study is comparing substantiated cases of child abuse and neglect to subsequent court records in King County, Washington, to determine the relationship of childhood victimization to delinquency, adult criminality, and violence. Controlling Crime and Disorder Hot Spots Using Civil Remedies University of Cincinnati Lorraine Green Mazerolle 95-IJ-CX-0039 This 18-month study assesses the Oakland (California) Police Department's Beat Health Unit Initiative, which uses civil remedies for drug and crime abatement, neighborhood improvement, and cooling down of hot spots. The assessment's aim is to inform policymakers of the types of communities most likely to provide successful environments for such initiatives. Coordinated Response to Motor Vehicle Thefts: Evaluation of Enforcement and Crime Prevention Efforts San Diego Association of Governments Susan Pennell 94-IJ-CX-0027 This evaluation examines the effectiveness of using enhanced crime analysis information and mapping techniques targeted at enforcement and prevention of motor vehicle thefts to improve efforts to control and prevent auto theft. Criminology Against Crime: Criminologists and Crime Control for the Indianapolis Police Department City of Indianapolis Alex Weiss 95-IJ-CX-0077 This evaluation examines two key elements of police accountability. One is the IMPACT (Indianapolis Model of Police Accountability for Community Problemsolving Targets) program, a computer-aided management information and evaluation program for community policing. The other is the New York Police Department's model of weekly crime control strategy meetings, which promote intensive review of local crime patterns by top police commanders. Development of Guidelines for Using Psychological Test Results to Help Combat Corruption in Law Enforcement Organizations Defense Personnel Security Research Center Howard Timm 96-IJ-CX-A056 This project is developing a comprehensive manual on the findings and recommendations from the first major national study on the psychological dimensions of police corruption. *Educating the Public About Police: The Lima Public Service Announcement Project University of Cincinnati Mitchell Chamlin 95-IJ-CX-0055 This evaluation examines the ability of four educational public service announcements on police-citizen interaction to affect police-citizen outcomes. *Enhancing Police Integrity University of Delaware, Newark Carl B. Klockars 97-IJ-CX-0025 This study of three exemplary police agencies is examining the formal and informal mechanisms governing misconduct. *Evaluation of Maryland's Hot Spot Communities Program The Urban Institute Jeffrey A. Roth 98-IJ-CX-0029 The award is a process evaluation of all 35 sites in the State of Maryland's Hot Spot Communities program with an indepth examination of 12 sites. Evaluation of the Bureau of Justice Assistance's Comprehensive Communities Program BOTEC Analysis Corporation Ann Marie Rocheleau 94-IJ-CX-0065 This project expands a process evaluation of the Comprehensive Communities Program to include an additional six sites, at a reduced level of study, and to increase the intensity of study at six sites currently under evaluation. Evaluation of the Department of Transportation Regulation of Auto Parts Marking Abt Associates Inc. William Rhodes 96-IJ-CX-0018 This award evaluates the effectiveness of the parts-marking requirement of the Motor Vehicle Theft Law Enforcement Act of 1984, which was designed to prevent and deter auto theft, inhibit "chop shop" operations, and aid in the recovery of stolen vehicles. Fast Track Program Study: Tracking Nonviolent Juvenile Criminal Offenders Bay City (Michigan) Police Department Penny Phelps 96-IJ-CX-0072 This collaborative research between police officers and university professors is evaluating Fast Track, a youth offender program designed to prevent repeat offenders from recycling through the criminal justice system. Frontiers in Policing State University of New York, Albany, Research Foundation David Bayley 98-IJ-CX-0017 This award is exploring the types of policing occurring throughout the world, including types undertaken outside the auspices of the state, and the implications for security policy. Gang Activity in Orange County, California University of California, Irvine Bryan Vila, James Meeker 96-IJ-CX-0030 This award supports a multiagency, regional, cooperative model for reducing gang and youth violence and increasing the understanding of the nature of gang involvement and the distribution of gang crime incidents in Orange County. The project includes evaluation and documentation of the model. Good Kids in Bad Circumstances University of Cincinnati Michael G. Turner 98-IJ-CX-0026 This award is expanding understanding about the protective factors that help at-risk youths refrain from delinquent behavior. Housing Conditions, Fear, and Victimization University of Utah Barbara Brown 98-IJ-CX-0022 This award uses baseline data and data from a new housing subdivision in Salt Lake City to test whether proximity to the new subdivision and to scattered-site housing rehabilitation has any impact on fear, victimization, or spillover housing upgrading. *Identifying Correlates of Police Deviance: An Empirical Study of Police Corruption and Brutality in New York (1975-1996) Temple University Jack R. Greene 96-IJ-CX-0053 This award supports a longitudinal study of New York City police officers who resigned or were dismissed because of corruption or brutality from 1975 through 1996. The study describes these officers in terms of individual, organizational, and community characteristics and identifies the managerial, operational, and scholarly implications. Impact Evaluation of the Weed and Seed Program Abt Associates Inc. Terence Dunworth 95-DD-BX-0134 This impact evaluation is assessing outcomes of the Weed and Seed program in eight sites using a multimethod approach. *Increasing the Effectiveness of Rural Police Departments Alfred University William Hall 95-IJ-CX-0080 Alfred University and two neighboring towns are conducting a field study to determine how the police departments in the towns can more effectively and efficiently provide services to their communities by using community policing strategies and sharing programs and resources. *Information Technology Acquisition Institute for Law and Justice, Inc. J. Thomas McEwen 98-LB-VX-K011 The award is reviewing the ways State and local agencies procure and use various technologies, including computer-aided dispatch, records management systems, crime analysis and computer mapping systems, case management systems, laptops and wireless technologies, Internet and intranet technologies, automated fingerprint information systems, and DNA databases. *Joint Police and Social Services Response to Abused Elders Victim Services, Inc. Bruce Taylor 95-IJ-CX-0061 This evaluation, conducted in cooperation with the New York Police Department, examines a joint community policing and social service response to elder abuse. National Crime Victimization Survey: Survey Attrition, Victimization, and Crime Reporting Arizona State University Sharon Lohr 97-IJ-CX-0043 Researchers are analyzing data from the National Crime Victimization Survey to explore the probability of nonresponse among crime victims so that partial information in the data can be used. National Study of Delinquency Prevention in Schools Gottfredson Associates, Inc. Gary D. Gottfredson 96-MU-MU-0008 This research is describing the prevalence of different types of school- based delinquency prevention programs and evaluating the implementation of such programs. *Orienting Overview on Broken Windows, Disorder, and Decline Temple University Ralph B. Taylor, NIJ Visiting Fellow 96-IJ-CX-0067 This award supports secondary analyses of various data sets to determine the extent to which specific types of social and environmental disorder-- apart from community demographics, crime, and residents' individual characteristics--affect fear and neighborhood commitment. *Perceptions of Police Accountability in Citizen Complaints Sam Houston State University Kenneth Adams 96-IJ-CX-0077 This research examines citizen complaints in detail, including the process citizens use in deciding to make a complaint, the experiences of citizens with the process, areas of satisfaction and dissatisfaction with the process, and findings across jurisdictions. Police-Community Initiatives for Effective Law Enforcement North Carolina Central University Harvey L. McMurray 93-IJ-CX-K023 This project follows the development of a cooperative, rural community policing program in Beaufort and Columbus counties, North Carolina, for a better understanding of how to organize and establish similar operations in other multicounty, rural areas. Police Perjury: Deviance or Utilitarianism Michael O. Foley 98-IJ-CX-0032 This award is examining the factors associated with lying by police officers, including the rationale, motivation, and circumstances. *Police Response to Emotionally Disturbed Persons: Analyzing New Models of Police Interactions With the Mental Health System Policy Research Associates Henry J. Steadman 96-IJ-CX-0082 This case study analysis seeks to determine best practices used by police in response to emotionally disturbed persons by defining the strengths and weaknesses of three different approaches. *Policing on American Indian Reservations Harvard University Francis Hartmann 95-IJ-CX-0086 This 18-month project works with American Indian tribes to discover what policing strategies are and are not working, why they seem to be working or not, and how tribes and private and public agencies concerned with the welfare of American Indian communities might apply the findings. *Policing Local Illicit Gun Markets Carnegie Mellon University Jacqueline Cohen 95-IJ-CX-0075 This project, a partnership between a local research institution and the Pittsburgh police, examines the nature of local gun markets, particularly the sources of guns to juveniles, and assesses the effectiveness of law enforcement and investigatory strategies directed against these markets. Preventing Crime: A Critical Assessment University of Maryland, College Park Lawrence W. Sherman 96-MU-MU-0019 This award supports a group of distinguished criminologists to synthesize research and evaluation findings on crime prevention--what works, what doesn't work, and what looks promising. Problem-Solving Study: An Examination of Efforts Aimed at Impacting Crime and Disorder Problems Rana Sampson, NIJ Visiting Fellow 94-IJ-CX-K008 This project collects, studies, and describes successful problem-solving efforts of police and community members. Psychological and Behavioral Effects of Hate Crimes on Victims Boston Police Department Luis Garcia 97-IJ-CX-0011 This project is examining the lingering effects of hate violence and assessing the effectiveness of the criminal justice system in meeting the needs of such victims. *Restructuring the Role of Police Sergeants by Identifying the Character Traits Associated With Success City of Baltimore Victor Gregory 96-IJ-CX-0086 This project is identifying and categorizing the characteristics of sergeants who have demonstrated excellence in performance and in the fulfillment of their roles as leaders in the agency and the community. Role of Local Law Enforcement in Controlling Illegal Immigration and Other Transnational Crimes Georgetown University William McDonald, NIJ Visiting Fellow 95-IJ-CX-0110 This project studies State and local law enforcement efforts against transnational crime, including illegal immigration, street crime committed by illegal immigrants, organized crime initiated outside U.S. borders, and immigrant involvement in the drug trade. Security Technologies in Schools Sandia National Laboratories Mary W. Green 97-IJ-CX-A072 This award will develop a guide for law enforcement and public school officials to use in determing the appropriateness, cost, and expected effectiveness of applying security technologies in schools. State and Local Participatory Evaluation of the Safe Neighborhoods Program Connecticut Statistical Analysis Center Dolly Reed 95-IJ-CX-0107 This project supports the evaluation of the Connecticut Safe Neighborhoods Program, which provides funds to establish and administer police substations in high-crime areas. Tenant Organization and Its Effects on Neighborhood Crime John Jay College of Criminal Justice, Research Foundation of the City University of New York Gary Winkel 97-IJ-CX-0030 Researchers are investigating the effects of tenant social organizations by examining whether better organized buildings are less prone to neighborhood crime than are less well-organized buildings. Transnational Organized Crime Workshop National Academy of Sciences Faith Mitchell 98-IJ-CX-0019 This award supports a 2-day workshop in which economists, statisticians, policy analysts, and criminologists focus on definitions and measurements of international crime and operational responses to it. Use of Force By and Against Police Joint Centers for Justice Studies Joel Garner 95-IJ-CX-0066 This project builds upon prior NIJ-funded research on police use of force in Phoenix, Arizona, by surveying arresting officers in four law- enforcement agencies regarding the nature of force used and the nature and circumstances of the arrest. Using Traffic Barriers to Design Out Crime California State University, Fullerton Foundation Stuart A. Ross 96-IJ-CX-0009 This evaluation assesses a police-sponsored Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design program in which permanent traffic barriers were placed in two South Central Los Angeles neighborhoods to reduce crime and allay resident fears. *Who Gets What in Policing? A National Assessment of Police Chiefs' Experiences with Budgets Police Executive Research Forum Clifford L. Karchmer 97-LB-VX-K005 This award supports a national assessment of police chiefs focused on the range of issues involved in budgetary decisionmaking, the factors associated with success or difficulty, and innovative approaches to the process. o Community Policing *Analysis of the Indirect Impacts of Community Policing Police Foundation David Weisburd 97-IJ-CX-0055 This award examines the issues of displacement and diffusion in police efforts to reduce crime in Jersey City, New Jersey. *Assessing a Model of Police-Community Collaboration Vera Institute of Justice, Inc. Douglas Young 96-IJ-CX-0064 This evaluation explores police relationships with clients in a substance abuse treatment program to enrich understanding about the design and implementation of crime control strategies. *Awareness and Perceptions of Community Policing in Immigrant Communities Victim Services, Inc. Robert Davis 96-IJ-CX-0073 This project is investigating the extent to which awareness of community policing is penetrating immigrant communities and the perceptions of immigrants about law enforcement. *Bethlehem (Pennsylvania) Police Family Group Conferencing Project Community Service Foundation, Inc. Theodore Wachtel 95-IJ-CX-0042 This project evaluates the effectiveness of family group conferencing, an innovative community policing technique that involves victims, offenders, and their families and friends in addressing moderately serious juvenile crimes. *Citizen Involvement in Community Policing Institute for Social Analysis Royer F. Cook 95-IJ-CX-0092 This evaluation focuses on police-citizen interaction and community policing in two cities where the national impact evaluation of Operation Weed and Seed is being conducted. *Community Component of Community Policing in Los Angeles University of Southern California Cheryl Maxson 96-IJ-CX-0069 This project is developing measurement tools to assess community attitudes and perceptions of police activities and police-community relationships and is examining individual and community (including ethnic) factors in citizens' reactions to community policing. Findings from mail and telephone surveys are being compared to help decisionmakers select appropriate measurement tools and better understand the results of assessment efforts in different types of neighborhoods. Community Justice Conferences: Restorative Justice University of Maryland, College Park Lawrence W. Sherman 98-IJ-CX-0033 Through this award a partnership is being created between the University of Maryland, the Baltimore Police Department, and the Australian National University, which since 1992 has been helping police agencies develop community justice conferences as an alternative to juvenile court. *Community Policing in a Commercial District Temple University Jack R. Greene 97-IJ-CX-0049 This award supports an examination of community policing in a commercial district of Philadelphia to better understand how problem- oriented policing efforts address crime, fear, and incivilities in business districts. *Community Policing in Neighborhoods Michigan State University Stephen D. Mastrofski 95-IJ-CX-0071 This study addresses several aspects of community policing, including how the police and the community interact with each other in a community policing environment, how officers spend their time and use their authority to intervene in citizens' lives, how police control problem citizens, and how law enforcement agencies obtain cooperation between the police and the public. *Community Policing Strategies: First National Survey Update Macro International, Inc. Billy Jones 96-IJ-CX-0045 This award updates and enhances the information about community policing collected in a 1993 Police Foundation survey to help identify the strategic and tactical changes occurring in policing and to describe the factors that underlie the changes. *Community Variables in Community Policing State University of New York, Albany, Research Foundation David Duffee 97-IJ-CX-0052 This project is identifying the dimensions of police-community interaction in community policing initiatives. *Computer-Aided Dispatch in Support of Community Policing Institute for Law and Justice, Inc. J. Thomas McEwen 97-IJ-CX-0048 This study examines how computer-aided dispatch (CAD) systems can be incorporated more effectively into community policing efforts. *Determinants of Citizen and Police Involvement in Community Policing City of Boston Luis Garcia 96-IJ-CX-0071 This research measures community attitudes toward and involvement in community policing in Boston, Massachusetts, and identifies individual and community factors associated with citizen participation in community policing. Effects of Geographical and Staffing Models on Community Policing San Diego (California) Police Department Donna J. Warlick 98-IJ-CX-0016 From 1994 through 1996, the San Diego Police Department accomplished a massive Department reorganization to support neighborhood policing efforts. This award supports a test of the effectiveness of a modification that incorporates both "beat cops" and team policing features. *Evaluating Community Policing in Public Housing Temple University Jack R. Greene 95-IJ-CX-0041 This evaluation assesses the implementation of a community policing strategy by the Philadelphia Housing Authority and its resident police agency across six public housing developments in Philadelphia that are linked by a common thoroughfare. Evaluation of Chicago's Citywide Community Policing Program Northwestern University Wesley G. Skogan 94-IJ-CX-0046 This project is continuing a long-term evaluation of Chicago's community policing program by monitoring implementation of the program, trends in program awareness and citizen involvement, public perceptions of the police, and the impact on the extent of crime and disorder problems. *Evaluation of Community Policing in Tempe, Arizona Institute for Law and Justice, Inc. J. Thomas McEwen 95-IJ-CX-0090 This continuing evaluation considers how a police department changes, adapts, and sustains community policing over time in efforts that encompass the entire city. *Evaluation of Community Policing in Two Medium-Sized Cities University of Illinois, Chicago Dennis P. Rosenbaum 95-IJ-CX-0068 This evaluation assesses the implementation and impact of long-term organizational efforts to implement community policing strategies on a citywide basis in two cities: Aurora and Joliet, Illinois. *Evaluation of Computers in Patrol Cars San Francisco State University Caran Colvin 98-IJ-CX-0012 This award is assessing a San Francisco Police Department strategy to reduce report-writing time. Specifically, the project is addressing the question: Does the use of a mobile computer terminal save time, and if so, is the time being reallocated to community policing? *Evaluation of the Effects of Fatigue on Police Patrol Officers and Their Relations With the Community Police Executive Research Forum Dennis Jay Kenney 96-IJ-CX-0046 This project is researching the ways in which police officers' hours of work affect job performance. It is also assessing related management and adminis-trative strategies and procedures. *Evaluation of the Dallas Police Department's Interactive Community Policing Program University of Texas, Arlington Charles H. Mindel 95-IJ-CX-0070 This evaluation is examining the implementation of an Interactive Community Policing Model (ICPM) in Dallas, Texas, and assessing the effects of the ICPM on the community and the police department. *Evaluation of the Police Corps Program Westat, Inc. Stephen K. Dietz 97-IJ-CX-0057 Using a within- and cross-site evaluation process, researchers are assessing six demonstration Police Corps sites to determine the impact of training on recruits' attitudes toward community policing. *Everyday Perceptions of Disorder, Self-Protection Against Crime, and Community Policing University of California, Los Angeles Jack Katz 95-IJ-CX-0078 This ethnographic study of five contrasting neighborhoods in the Hollywood area of Los Angeles describes the differences among the residents in their perceptions of disorder and fear of crime, personal strategies for avoiding risk, and definitions of community policing. *Examining the Transformation to Community Policing: Organizational Development Characteristics and Issues Institute for Law and Justice, Inc. Edward F. Connors 95-IJ-CX-0091 This evaluation examines the critical elements involved in making a successful transition from a traditional law enforcement agency to a community policing organization. *Facilitating Organizational Change: Shaping Philosophies Through Individual and Organizational Evaluations University of South Carolina Geoffrey P. Alpert 95-IJ-CX-0101 These evaluations assess the efforts of police officers and their departments, using input that focuses on the processes of policing in the community and the consequences of the actions taken by officers. First-Line Supervision in the Community Policing Context Police Foundation Earl Hamilton 94-IJ-CX-0044 This project is examining and defining the role of a first-line supervisor in a community policing context and is identifying effective methods of designing training, measuring performance, and providing managerial support to first-line supervisors in police departments. *Identifying Strategies to Market Community Policing Indiana University, Bloomington Steven Chermak and Alex Weiss 96-IJ-CX-0078 This project examines the strategies police departments use to market their community policing efforts and their success rate and explores the role of the news media in publicizing community policing. *Impact of Community Policing Training and Implementation on Police Personnel Arizona State University Robin Haarr 96-IJ-CX-0060 This project is evaluating the extent to which the Phoenix Regional Police Training Academy's program produces desired changes in officers' attitudes, perceptions, beliefs, and behaviors related to community policing philosophies and strategies, problem-solving techniques, and multicultural awareness. *Integrating Community Policing into the San Diego Regional Law Enforcement Training Center Curriculum San Diego Police Department Donna Warlick 95-IJ-CX-0065 This project enables the San Diego Police Department to analyze the Training Center curriculum, develop modifications that incorporate community policing and problem solving as a common theme, train instructors in the modifications, and evaluate the outcome. *Investigative Function in the Community Policing Context Police Executive Research Forum Mary Ann Wycoff 96-IJ-CX-0081 The study describes existing models for integrating investigations into community policing. A survey of departments examines, among other issues, detectives' roles in community policing. Site visits are being made to promising departments and recommendations formulated for effective integration practices. Leaders' Perceptions of Community Policing University of Cincinnati Lawrence Travis 98-IJ-CX-0005 This award explores the nature and extent of agreement relating to community policing as expressed by police agency executives, police officer association leaders, and union leaders. National Assessment of Community Policing Training Institute for Law and Justice, Inc. J. Thomas McEwen 94-IJ-CX-0042 This project assesses the nature, quality, and scope of training in community policing through indepth telephone interviews and a national mail survey of a representative sample of police chiefs, sheriffs, and training academy directors. *Organizational Change and Leadership: Conditions and Strategies for Creating a Culture of Community Policing Harvard University Mark Moore 95-IJ-CX-0059 This evaluation determines what internal and external organizational conditions and what leadership and management techniques facilitate change. The researchers are developing hypotheses to be tested in future research. *Partners for Prevention? Obstacles to Police-Community Cooperation in Problem Solving Northwestern University Wesley G. Skogan 95-IJ-CX-0056 This project evaluates Chicago's community policing effort and the impact of its problem-solving strategies. *Police and the Community: National League of Cities Search for Excellence in Community Policing National League of Cities Institute William B. Whiteside 95-IJ-CX-0064 This project is identifying promising programs, activities, and best practices that show collaborative problem solving between law enforcement and the community and that demonstrate community awareness and perceptions of community policing. Problem-Oriented Policing In a State Police Agency: A Demonstration and Evaluation State University of New York, Albany, Research Foundation Hans Toch 93-IJ-CX-K013 This collaborative project applies the philosophy of problem-oriented policing to a State police agency to demonstrate to agencies nationwide that they can achieve significant benefits by using a local research and development capability. *Process Evaluation of Title I of the Violent Crime Control Act of 1994 The Urban Institute Jeffrey A. Roth 95-IJ-CX-0073 This project evaluates the progress made and problems encountered through implementation of Community Oriented Policing Services (COPS) under Title I of the 1994 Crime Act. The evaluation includes site visits to 60 locations and a national survey of 1,800 police executives. *Responding to the Problem Police Officer: An Evaluation of Early Warning Systems University of Nebraska, Omaha Samuel Walker 98-IJ-CX-0002 Law enforcement agencies have developed early warning systems to identify officers who receive high rates of citizen complaints and to provide remedial intervention to correct their behavior. This award is conducting a national assessment of early warning systems to determine their effects on police officer performance. *Structure of Large Municipal Police Organizations as a Result of Community Policing University of Nebraska Ed McGuire 98-IJ-CX-0003 This award examines the impact of community policing on the structural organization of police agencies. Specifically, does community policing reduce the levels of hierarchy, decentralize decisionmaking, and result in less formalization and fewer special units? *The Force Factor University of South Carolina Geoffrey P. Alpert 98-IJ-CX-0018 This award is examining the issue of police use of force through a national survey, development of a standardized definition of force, and a focus on the Miami, Florida, and Prince Georges County, Maryland, police departments. *Two-Stage Model of Change: Madison Police Department Police Executive Research Forum Mary Ann Wycoff 95-IJ-CX-0087 This evaluation examines and documents the Madison (Wisconsin) Police Department's implementation of the second stage of a two-stage model of the transition to community policing. Using a High-Definition Geographic Information System to Enhance Community Policing on College Campuses Temple University George F. Rengert 98-IJ-CX-0001 This award supports a test of a high-definition, three-dimensional geographic information system to identify "hot spots" on campus, implement responses, and measure the effectiveness of the responses. Vermont Incident-Based Crime Analysis and Mapping: Developing Research Capabilities for Problem-Oriented Policing Vermont Center for Justice Research William Clements 95-IJ-CX-0037 This project analyzes data on offender and offense relationships using new technologies in geographic information systems to analyze data spatially and visually. *Women in Policing: Assessing the Work Environment New Traditions for Women, Inc. Donna Milgram 98-IJ-CX-0013 This award is developing a Workplace Environment Assessment Tool that law enforcement agencies can use to determine how receptive their workplace is to women and minority police officers, identify what barriers (if any) exist for women and minority police officers, and pinpoint the barriers with enough specificity that police departments can take action to overcome them. o Crime Mapping *Assistance in Crime Mapping and Analysis Technology for Enhancing Law Enforcement and Prosecution Coordination Hunter College, Research Foundation of the City University of New York Victor Goldsmith 98-LB-VX-0004 This award supports continued work with the offices of the U.S. Attorney for the Southern District of New York to develop a geographic information system, database, query tools, and related crime analysis methodologies. Computer Mapping of Crime in Public Housing U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development Harold Holzman 96-IJ-CX-A022 This award supports the needs assessment and implementation phases of a computer-assisted geographic mapping system for a police department and a public housing agency in a case study city. *Crime Mapping Research Center Fellowship Program Julie Wartell, NIJ Visiting Fellow 98-LB-VX-0003 This award is developing a crime mapping training curriculum for use by law enforcement agencies and the research community. *Demonstrating the Analytical Utility of GIS for Policing Southern Illinois University James LeBeau 97-LB-VX-K010 Four mapping and geographic information system modules are being developed to demonstrate the utility of different cartographic techniques in the analysis of calls for service, identification of locations particularly dangerous to officers, and predictions of violence. Development of a Geographic Information System Analysis Software Environmental Systems Research Institute John Perry 97-IJ-CX-0042 This award is developing and field testing geographic information system- based crime analysis application modules to provide a series of tools that can be applied to different patrol beats to facilitate community-oriented policing. Development of a Spatial Analysis Tool Kit for Use in a Metropolitan Crime Incident Geographic Information System Ned Levine and Associates Ned Levine 97-IJ-CX-0040 This award is testing new methods of spatial analysis for mapping crime patterns, especially break-ins and auto thefts, in Baltimore County, Maryland. *Enhancing the Design and Analytical Potential of Crime Mapping Southern Illinois University James LeBeau 97-LB-VX-0002 This award provides training to NIJ's Crime Mapping Research Center staff in the use of cartographic and spatial analytic applications and in the research and development of specific mapping applications. Geographic Information Systems Spatial Crime Analysis Application Montgomery County (Maryland) Department of Police Timothy Delaney 96-IJ-CX-A029 This award is supplying the Montgomery County Department of Police with equipment and training to implement a computer-assisted geographic mapping system that will enable the department to engage in spatial crime analyses. *Innovative Crime Mapping Techniques and Spatial Analysis Hunter College, Research Foundation of the City University of New York Victor Goldsmith 97-LB-VX-K013 The City University of New York and the New York City Police Department are expanding their current collaboration to test methodologies that will augment the capacity of individual precincts to analyze crime patterns. *Measuring and Analyzing Crime Patterns and Trends with Geographic Information Systems (GIS) John Jay College of Criminal Justice, Research Foundation of the City University of New York John Mollenkopf 95-IJ-CX-0103 This collaborative project between the New York Police Department and two City University of New York research centers improves analysis and evaluation techniques to increase understanding of crime incidence and control dynamics. o Arrestee Drug Abuse Monitoring (ADAM) Program The Arrestee Drug Abuse Monitoring (ADAM) program in 35 sites performs drug tests on samples of arrestees brought to booking facilities. The test findings indicate levels of drug use, determine what drugs are used in specific jurisdictions, and track changes in arrestees' drug use patterns. In the following list of ADAM sites, a symbol (+) identifies sites scheduled to begin operation in 1998. Albuquerque+ Anchorage+ Atlanta Birmingham Chicago Cleveland Dallas Denver Des Moines+ Detroit Ft. Lauderdale Houston Indianapolis Laredo+ Las Vegas+ Los Angeles Manhattan Miami Minneapolis+ New Orleans Oklahoma City+ Omaha Philadelphia Phoenix Portland (Oregon) St. Louis Sacramento+ Salt Lake City+ San Antonio San Diego San Jose Seattle+ Spokane+ Tucson+ Washington, D.C. ADAM--Cleveland Telecommunications Pilot Project Cleveland State University Sonia Alemagno 96-IJ-CX-A009 This award implements a pilot project using telecommunications software to conduct interviews with arrestees at ADAM sites. ADAM--Examination of Methamphetamine Use San Diego Association of Governments Susan Pennell 96-IJ-CX-0026 This project examines the dynamics of metham-phetamine use, market structure, methods of payment, and associated illegal activity in several ADAM sites. ADAM--Identifying and Prioritizing Local Social Risk Factors Colorado Division of Criminal Justice Kim English 96-IJ-CX-0031 This award analyzes the socioeconomic and criminal histories of drug- involved arrestees in Denver to expand understanding of their characteristics. ADAM--Laboratory Analysis of Urine Specimens Quest Diagnostics, Inc. Lionel Menard 94-IJ-CX-C009 This award supports laboratory analysis to screen for 10 drugs in samples collected at ADAM sites. ADAM--Statistical Support Aspen Systems Corporation Lilly Gardner 93-IJ-CX-C002 This award supports data entry, analyses, maintenance of data files, preparation of publications, and periodic training and technical assistance to site personnel. o Firearms Research *Consent to Search and Seize University of Missouri, St. Louis Scott H. Decker 95-IJ-CX-0067 This project evaluates the St. Louis Firearm Suppression Program, an innovative policing effort to (1) reduce youth firearm possession and violence by obtaining parental consent to search the homes of juveniles suspected of possessing a gun, and (2) document aspects of problem- oriented policing most responsible for successful outcomes. Effectiveness of Denial of Handgun Purchase University of California, Davis Garen Wintemute 98-IJ-CX-0024 This award is assessing the effectiveness of California's criminal history background checks for handgun purchases, which became more stringent in 1991. One major focus is to examine the impact of purchase restrictions on future violence and crime commission. Firearm Acquisition, Violent Crime, and Juvenile Offenders Battelle Memorial Institute, Human Affairs Research Center Barbara Rader 96-IJ-CX-0027 This project interviews juvenile offenders who have been convicted of crimes involving a firearm to examine their motives and sources of firearm acquisition; the relationship between gangs, drugs, and guns; and offenders' perceptions of triggering events. Firearms and Violence: Juveniles, Illicit Markets, and Fear Harvard University David M. Kennedy 94-IJ-CX-0056 This project tests the feasibility of preventing juvenile gun violence through problem-solving policing focused on disrupting the illicit market in firearms and reducing juveniles' fear. The project also assists the Boston Police Department in analyzing its juvenile gun and gang problem and designing intervention strategies. Finally, the study assesses the implementation of these strategies and their impacts on juvenile firearms violence. Gun Density vs. Gun Type: Did More, or More Lethal, Guns Drive Up the Dallas Homicide Rate, 1978-1992? Crime Control Institute Christopher Koper 94-IJ-CX-0038 This project tests three hypotheses on the relationship between gun type, gun availability, and homicide by exploring the effects of guns of varying lethality on urban homicide rates. Handgun Intervention Program Evaluation The Urban Institute Jeffrey A. Roth 95-IJ-CX-0106 This study evaluates the effects of the Handgun Intervention Program in the 36th District Court in Detroit, Michigan, on participant attitudes and behavior. The goal of the program is to prevent gun violence among defendants charged with carrying a concealed weapon through an innovative court-based education program for gun defendants. Illegal Firearms Markets Northeastern University Glenn L. Pierce 97-IJ-CX-0053 This award is using data from the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms on confiscated gun tracing through the Youth Handgun Interdiction Initiative to improve understanding of illegal firearms markets targeting juveniles, to highlight and enhance the utility of firearms tracing, and to identify requirements to more effectively describe and intervene in illegal firearms markets. *National Evaluation of the Youth Firearm Violence Initiative Abt Associates Inc. Terence Dunworth 95-IJ-CX-0069 This evaluation of the Youth Firearm Violence Initiative, sponsored by the Office of Community Oriented Policing Services, is examining the strategies being implemented in 10 sites, assessing what factors contribute to the program's success or failure, and identifying which strategies can be transferred to other jurisdictions. Population-Based Monitoring of Firearm Violence: Georgia United Notification System Emory University Arthur L. Kellermann 95-IJ-CX-0025 This award supports development of a data surveillance system for police investigators that integrates information on nonfatal gunshot injuries from police reports, health care providers, and hospital emergency rooms in the Atlanta area. *Process Evaluation of Title XVIII of the Violent Crime Control Act of 1994 The Urban Institute Jeffrey A. Roth 95-IJ-CX-0111 This evaluation supplement analyzes the longer term impact that the Crime Act's bans on semiautomatic assault weapons and large-capacity ammunition magazines have had on violent crime and examines the impacts of increased juvenile restrictions and increased regulation of Federal firearms licenses. Reducing Firearms Crime and Injuries: Interdicting Guns and Bullets Indianapolis, Office of the Mayor Craig Fishburn 95-IJ-CX-0019 This project evaluates the implementation and impact of a traffic stop-and- search program conducted in two high-crime areas in Indianapolis by the Indianapolis police department. Situational Contexts of Gun Use by Young Males in an Inner City Columbia University School of Public Health Jeffrey Fagan 96-IJ-CX-0013 This research analyzes gun acquisition, carrying, and use among young males, including their decisionmaking processes related to the criminal and violent use of guns and the identification of factors associated with firearms homicides. Supplemental Survey of Gun Owners School of Public Health, Harvard University David Hemenway 95-IJ-CX-0094 This project conducts a national random-digit-dial survey of 3,200 gun owners to supplement findings on self-defense and other gun issues produced in a previous survey by the Harvard Injury Control Center. Youth, Firearms, and Violence in Atlanta: A Problem-Solving Approach Emory University Arthur Kellermann 94-MU-CX-K003 This study employs a problem-solving approach to reduce gun violence among youth in metropolitan Atlanta. The approach involves working with the community and with State and local governments to analyze the magnitude, extent, and characteristics of the problem, design strategies to reduce it, and evaluate the implementation and impact of these strategies. Youth Violence, Guns, and Links to Illicit Drug Markets Carnegie Mellon University Alfred Blumstein 95-IJ-CX-0005 This project studies the growth in juvenile homicide rates by race and age and examines the relationship of these rates to drug markets and to firearms through examination of data on homicide rates, drug arrest rates, arrest rates for weapons offenses, number of homicides involving guns, and other variables. o Locally Initiated Partnerships--Policing *Ada County (Idaho) Sheriff's Office and Boise State University Boise State University John Crank 96-IJ-CX-0085 Through the partnership created by this award, researchers are surveying citizens to better understand their needs and thereby enhance the community's capacity to access information about the sheriff's office. *Alachua County (Florida) Sheriff's Office Research Partnership with the University of Florida Alachua County (Florida) Sheriff's Office Louise Grimm 96-IJ-CX-0087 Researchers, working in partnership with the Alachua County Sheriff's Office, are conducting a detailed review of the research needs of the sheriff's office, improving research and communication skills, and determining if the communication program has enhanced the target neighborhood residents' attitudes toward law enforcement. *Assessing Community Police Performance in Philadelphia Temple University Jack R. Greene 95-IJ-CX-0084 This collaboration between Temple University and the Philadelphia Police Department seeks to better understand community-oriented policing by more precisely measuring routine patrol activities, problem-solving capabilities, and the impact of policing philosophy on both the police and the community. *Building Effective Strategies for Community Policing State University of New York, Buffalo Raymond Hunt 95-IJ-CX-0081 This project supports the collaboration between a university team and the Buffalo Police Department to help define, clarify, develop, and deploy a vision and strategy for community policing. *Collaboration Between Abt Associates and the Hartford Police Department Abt Associates Inc. Joan Mullen 95-IJ-CX-0079 This evaluation examines an innovative joint police-community program in Hartford, Connecticut, that directly addresses a key aspect of the 1994 Crime Act: development and implementation of innovative programs that permit members of the community to assist law enforcement agencies in reorienting the emphasis of their activities from reacting to crime to preventing crime. *Collaboration Between the Oakland Police Department and the University of California University of California, Berkeley Jerome Skolnick 95-IJ-CX-0046 This project supports collaboration between the Oakland Police Department and the University of California, Berkeley, to encourage police accountability to the department and to the citizens of Oakland. It is also evaluating the department's move to implement community-oriented policing through decentralization. *Community Policing in El Centro, California: Strengthening Police- Citizen Cooperation in a Bilingual, Multicultural Community City of El Centro Harold D. Carter 95-IJ-CX-0049 Working with faculty from San Diego State University, the El Centro Police Department is identifying and testing strategies for improving cooperation and building trust between police officers and citizens who may not speak the same language or share a common cultural experience. *Council Grove-Kansas State University Law Enforcement Team Project Kansas State University Kay K. Cogley 95-IJ-CX-0045 This project forms a long-term partnership between law enforcement in the rural community of Council Grove, Kansas, and Kansas State University to provide systematic data on public perceptions of the area's style of community policing. *Creating a Culture of Community Policing: An Albuquerque Police Department-University of New Mexico Research Partnership University of New Mexico Lydia Salas 96-IJ-CX-0068 This project is studying the fundamental dynamics involved in implementing community policing throughout all departments of the Albuquerque Police Department. *Demonstrating a Cost-Effective Approach for Locally Initiated Police Research in Small- and Medium-Sized Cities LINC Marcia R. Chaiken 95-IJ-CX-0047 This award supports partnerships involving four police departments (Eureka and Redding, California; Pocatello, Idaho; and Rapid City, South Dakota) and police researchers from the Institute for Law and Justice, the Joint Centers for Justice Studies, and the Police Executive Research Forum. The partnerships develop, test, and evaluate processes for linking researchers and police departments. *Development of a Multiagency Police Research Partnership Involving Arizona Police Departments Arizona State University Vincent Webb 98-IJ-CX-0006 This award establishes a police-researcher partnership to share information about each agency's community policing program, to refine each agency's community policing research agenda, and to conduct an initial research project. *Establishing a Research Partnership Between the Omaha Police Department and the University of Nebraska at Omaha University of Nebraska, Omaha Vincent Webb 95-IJ-CX-0057 This project builds on an ongoing collaborative research partnership in which Omaha Police Department professionals and university researchers identify the department's research needs, develop a community policing- related research agenda, carry out the agenda, and assess its impact on the department and the community. *Establishing a Research Partnership: Forest Park (Ohio) Police Division and the University of Cincinnati University of Cincinnati Lawrence Travis 96-IJ-CX-0088 This partnership is working to increase the capacity of the Forest Park Police Division to conduct and utilize research and improve sensitivity among university faculty and students to the operational problems of police agencies. *Evaluation of Community Policing Project Hagerstown (Maryland) Department of Police Dale J. Jones 95-IJ-CX-0051 This project, conducted by researchers from Shippensburg University in Pennsylvania, assesses the implementation of the Hagerstown Police Department's community policing program, which was designed to reduce fear of crime and improve the quality of life for residents and merchants in two neighborhoods. *Forging a Florida Law Enforcement Research Coalition Florida State University Anthony Pate 95-IJ- CX-0085 This award supports the Florida Law Enforcement Research Coalition, a coalition of law enforcement officials and planners and university faculty working to improve community policing efforts to reduce crime and improve the quality of life. *Forming a Research Partnership: Lansing Police Department and Michigan State University City of Lansing Timothy S. Bynum 95-IJ-CX-0093 This partnership between the Lansing (Michigan) Police Department and Michigan State University continues evaluation activities and enhanced information dissemination that will be integrated into the department's community policing program. *Impact of Charleston, West Virginia, Community-Oriented Policing Marshall University Research Corporation Girmay Berhie 96-IJ-CX-0063 This partnership is studying the impact of community policing in Charleston, West Virginia, on business owners, low-income housing residents, other city residents, and police personnel. *Implementing Community Policing in Los Angeles: A Partnership Between the LAPD, UCLA, and USC Training Research Corporation Edward Smith 95-IJ-CX-0060 This project establishes a partnership between the Los Angeles Police Department and the city's two largest research universities to test whether the implementation of community policing can be accelerated by feeding data into the organization at strategic points and whether such a partnership can be a catalyst in transforming a large and complex police agency. *Indianapolis Management Accountability Program: A Collaboration Between the Indianapolis Police Department and Indiana University Indiana University, Bloomington Alexander Weiss 96-IJ-CX-0092 Through this award, a team of university researchers and police officials are evaluating the Indianapolis Police Department's management accountability program and enhancing the department's crime analysis capacity. Joint Research Partnership for Community-Oriented Policing St. Louis University James F. Gilsinan 95-IJ-CX-0062 This collaborative project between the university and the St. Louis Metropolitan Police Department examines the commitment of first-line supervisors to a community-oriented policing approach and develops criteria for recognizing and rewarding activity that results from this approach. *Locally Initiated Research on Community Policing Initiatives in Jefferson County, West Virginia: Process and Outcome Evaluation Jefferson County (West Virginia) Coalition on Substance Abuse Diane C. McCoy 95-IJ-CX-0088 This award continues research into the behaviors and perceptions of uniformed and civilian State law enforcement officials toward community- oriented policing. The research includes an examination of the impact of technological enhancements on the operations and management of small rural police forces. *Locally Initiated Research: Developing and Expanding Problem-Solving Partnerships in Jersey City Jersey City (New Jersey) Police Department Frank Gajewski 95-IJ-CX-0076 This partnership between the Jersey City Police Department and the Center for Crime Prevention Studies at Rutgers University addresses community policing issues in 32 neighborhood improvement districts. Locally Initiated Research Partnership with Arlington County, Virginia The Urban Institute Elizabeth Langston 98-IJ-CX-0009 The award supports a partnership between the Urban Institute and the Arlington County (Virginia) Police Department to explore the continued development of community policing. *Locally Initiated Research Partnership: Framingham (Massachusetts) Police Department and Social Science Research and Evaluation, Inc. Social Science Research and Evaluation, Inc. Robert Apsler 96-IJ-CX-0070 This award establishes a partnership between a police department and a research organization to assess an innovative program in which victims who have taken out restraining orders receive cellular phones to contact police in an emergency. *Meeting the Needs of Racine Citizens: Evaluation of a Community Policing Program University of Wisconsin, Parkside Helen Rosenberg 96-IJ-CX-0093 Residents, business owners, politicians, educators, social service personnel, and police are partners in this systematic study of the impact of community policing in Racine, Wisconsin. *National Evaluation of Locally Initiated Research Partnerships Institute for Law and Justice, Inc. J. Thomas McEwen 95-IJ-CX-0083 This award continues and expands the current evaluation of the 37 projects in the Locally Initiated Research Partnership program through case studies, telephone interviews, review of grant products, Internet participation, and interaction at annual cluster conferences. *Partnership Against Crime: University of Maryland and Prince Georges County Police Department University of Maryland, College Park Lawrence W. Sherman 96-IJ-CX-0080 This partnership between the University of Maryland and the Prince Georges County Police Department is modeled after the New York Police Department's COMPSTAT program. The project's goal is to promote intensive review of local crime patterns by top police commanders and establish clear accountability for response to those patterns. *Partnership for Research in Community Policing Strategies in a Rural County and Three Small Cities University of South Alabama Robert Galbraith 95-IJ-CX-0072 This project is a demonstration of the mutual value of research, evaluation, and program development partnerships between small and rural law enforcement agencies and the faculty of a local urban university. *Police-Academic Partnership for Evaluation and Research University of Virginia Janet Warren 96-IJ-CX-0044 This award supports an interactive, shared information system to conduct research on workplace violence in three police jurisdictions. Police-Researcher Partnerships: Building the Infrastructure for Effective Program Evaluation Justice Research and Statistics Association Joan C. Weiss 96-IJ-CX-0006 This award helps to link local police departments with researchers at local or regional universities and at State Statistical Analysis Centers to create partnerships that will foster an environment for opportunistic, locally initiated research on innovative policing strategies. Proposal to Integrate Objective Performance Evaluation into Community Policing Boston Police Department James T. Jordan 95-IJ-CX-0063 This project seeks to create an effective program for ongoing evaluation of the Boston Police Department's community policing strategy and is assessing the progress of neighborhood policing. *Research Partnership Between the Lexington (Kentucky) Division of Police and Eastern Kentucky University Lexington/Fayette Urban County Government Larry K. Gaines 95-IJ-CX-0048 This project establishes a research partnership to support one initial research project, plan a second one, and establish a system within the Division of Police for soliciting, prioritizing, and supervising subsequent research projects. The second project will evaluate the police department's move toward more geographically based deployment in support of community policing. Research Partnership Between Lexington (Kentucky) Police Department and Eastern Kentucky University Eastern Kentucky University Larry K. Gaines 98-IJ-CX-0004 This project establishes a research partnership to support one initial research project, plan a second one, and establish a system for soliciting, prioritizing, and supervising subsequent research projects. o Intramural Projects Assessing the Incapacitative and Deterrent Effects of Oleoresin Capsicum (Pepper Spray) Steven M. Edwards and Robert J. Kaminski This project employs multivariate and time-series analyses to assess the effectiveness of pepper spray in making arrests and to determine whether its introduction into a large police department deterred assaults on police officers. Auto Thefts, Chop Shops, and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) Joe S. Szakas and Nancy G. La Vigne Using geocoded data, researchers are utilizing GIS to extract the spatial relationship between the location of the stolen and recovered cars. This information will aid law enforcement's ability to create better search strategies for uncovering chop shop sites. Crime Mapping Survey Cynthia Nahabedian with Nancy G. La Vigne, Eric S. Jefferis, Elizabeth Groff, Joseph Szakas, Maureen O'Connell, and Julie Wartell This national survey is determining the extent to which law enforcement agencies use computerized crime mapping, in terms of both hardware and software resources, as well as the types of maps that are produced and how they are used. A final report is expected in August 1998. Impact of Videotaped Police-Citizen Encounters on Public Perceptions of Police Eric S. Jefferis and Robert J. Kaminski Using survey data from a random sample of Cincinnati residents over an 11-year period, this study examines how public opinion was affected by the televising of a violent arrest of an African-American youth. Mobility of DUF Arrestees Robert Langworthy and Nancy G. La Vigne This study is analyzing ZIP code data from arrestees in Drug Use Forecasting samples to determine the concentrations of arrestees, the concentrations of offenses, and the relationship between where offenders live and where they commit crimes. Patterns and Correlates of Assaults on Police Robert J. Kaminski and Robert Langworthy This project examines police organizational and structural characteristics of cities associated with felonious killings of police officers in 77 cities from 1980 to 1994. It also examines the congruence among several national-level data sets on fatal assaults on officers. Use of Force Between the Police and Persons with Impaired Judgment Raymond L. Downs, Robert J. Kaminski, and Clete DiGiovanni Researchers, working in partnership with the National Naval Medical Center, are assessing the differences, if any, in use of force and its outcome on arrestees who are and are not judgmentally impaired due to alcohol, drug use, or psychiatric illness; the effectiveness of the force; and the associated risks to the officer and the arrestee. o Research Applications Contract Projects Abt Associates Inc. Joan Mullen OJP-C-94-007 Citizen Review Boards This report describes the range of responsibilities boards have assumed and procedures they have adopted to deal with police misconduct. Police/Corrections Partnership This report looks at six successful policing/corrections partnerships and how the agencies have positioned themselves to respond effectively to solve community problems. CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM Analysis of Global Database on Crime and Criminal Justice Robin W. Burnham, NIJ Visiting Fellow 97-MU-CX-0002 This project is reviewing the history and development of the five waves of the United Nations Crime Survey, assessing its weaknesses and strengths, and developing recommendations to address specific concerns of member nations. Annual Review of Justice Research Castine Research Corporation Michael Tonry 92-IJ-CX-K044 This award supports development of the series Crime and Justice: Annual Review of Justice Research, which focuses on the most significant and policy-relevant information from criminal justice research and evaluation for use by criminal justice policymakers, professionals, and researchers. Committee on Law and Justice Support National Academy of Sciences Carol Petrie 98-IJ-CX-0030 The National Academy of Sciences Committee on Law and Justice is assisting NIJ in increasing scientific understanding of crime and justice issues through presentations and workshops. Community Justice: A Comprehensive and Analytical Review George Washington University and Florida State University David Karp and Todd R. Clear 97-RT-CX-0032 Two prominent researchers are examining the core elements of community justice, including current practice, analytic framework, distinctiveness relative to other approaches, and justification based on contemporary political philosophy. Computerization and Validation of an Inventory to Assess Adult and Juvenile Sex Offenders Brandeis University Raymond Knight 94-IJ-CX-0049 This project continues the development of diagnostic instruments and offender typologies, including the Multidimensional Assessment of Sex and Aggression, for both adult and juvenile offenders. Crime Atlas Justice Research and Statistics Association Joan C. Weiss 98-IJ-CX-K001 This award supports publication of a book of data that will provide conference attendees with a common, empirically based understanding of the trends in corrections and sentencing at the State and national levels. Criminal Justice Research Training Program for Graduate Students Howard University Florence B. Bonner 97-IJ-CX-A087 This training program gives graduate students an opportunity to gain experience in criminal justice research and research administration. Developing an Internet Model for Cross-National Information Sharing and Dissemination Sergey S. Chapkey, NIJ Visiting Fellow 95-IJ-CX-0033 This project further develops the Institute's cross-national information sharing and dissemination capabilities. *Development of a National Study of Victim Needs and Assistance Victim Services, Inc. Robert Davis 98-VF-GX-0011 This award involves a pilot study of methodological approaches for a national effort to identify crime victims and their needs, sources of assistance, and services received. Domestic Violence and Sexual Assault Data Systems in States Justice Research and Statistics Association Stan Orchowsky 96-IJ-CX-0057 This award continues and expands upon a study of the databases being used by States to collect information on domestic violence and sexual assault. Evaluation of the Client Management Classification System Sam Houston State University Billy C. Covington and Jennifer D. Frisbee, Graduate Research Fellows 96-IJ-CX-0037 Using the logic of fuzzy set theory, this project is assessing the degree to which a client management classification system succeeds in placing offenders in appropriate supervision categories and compares the classification system performance across gender and racial groups. *Evaluation of the Local Law Enforcement Block Grant Program Cosmos Corporation Robert Yin 97-LB-VX-0013 This award examines how State and local governments are using Local Law Enforcement Block Grant Programs, analyzes the decision-making models they use to allocate funds, develops the process to identify an innovative project, and evaluates BJA's electronic application process and monitoring processes. *Evaluation of Victim Advocacy Through a Team Approach Wayne State University Arlene N. Weisz 97-WT-VX-0006 This award evaluates the services provided by advocates in police and prosecutor offices to examine the effectiveness of advocacy on the type of prosecution, rate of repeat victimization, and satisfaction with services offered. Factors that Influence Victimization Outcomes University of Maryland, College Park Catherine A. Gallagher 98-IJ-CX-0025 This study is using data from the National Crime Victimization Survey to create a longitudinal file of victims of personal crimes to determine how the characteristics of the offender, situation, and prior victimizations affect victims' behavior and the outcome of victimizations. *Idaho Criminal Justice Statistics: Support for Analysis and Information Sharing Idaho Department of Law Enforcement Robert C. Uhlenkott 97-MU-MU-K016 Through the Bureau of Justice Statistics' State Justice Statistics Program, the Idaho Statistical Analysis Center is collecting, analyzing, and sharing vital justice system information among the States and with the Federal Government. Impact of Community and Legal Context on the Adjudication and Sentencing Process Joint Centers for Justice Studies, Inc. Christopher D. Maxwell 98-IJ-CX-0023 Multilevel modeling is being used to examine the effects of context on adjudication and sentencing. Impact of Criminal and Juvenile Justice System Policies and Practices University of Illinois, Chicago David E. Olson, Graduate Research Fellow 96-IJ-CX-0014 This project examines the impact that social and criminal justice policies have had on specific types of crime over the past 12 years in all 102 Illinois counties. Indian Country Justice Initiative Evaluation Plan Arizona State University Carol Lujan 96-IJ-CX-0097 This project evaluates the Department of Justice's Indian Country Justice Initiative, which is designed to improve the responsiveness of the Department of Justice to the criminal justice needs of Native Americans. Investigating Repeat Victimization with the National Crime Victimization Survey American University Peter Koutsandreas 97-IJ-CX-0027 National Crime Victimization Survey data are being analyzed to ascertain the contribution of repeat victims to the annual victimization rate and determine predictors of the transition to repeat victim status, thus providing insight into who will become a repeat victim. John B. Pickett Fellowship in Criminal Justice Policy and Management Harvard University Susan Michaelson 92-IJ-CX-0012 This award provides full tuition, fees, and related expenses for students pursuing a 1-year master's degree in public administration. It also helps career professionals who want to expand their knowledge of criminal justice policy and management. *Linguistic Methods of Determining Authorship Carole E. Chaski, NIJ Visiting Fellow 97-LB-VX-0011 This project is developing, demonstrating, and testing a technique that uses the language of a document to provide evidence of an author's identity. *Lummi Automated Case Tracking and Management System Lummi Indian Nation Darrell Hillaire 97-LB-VX-K016 This project is developing and implementing an automated case tracking and management system that will electronically connect data on a criminal incident, arrest, adjudication, and sentence to a unified database that can be accessed by criminal justice agencies. *Police Response to Officer-Involved Shootings University of Houston David A. Klinger 97-IJ-CX-0029 This award is examining how shootings affect police officers and developing techniques to enhance the capacity of police administrators and mental health professionals to develop procedures that will minimize negative consequences for officers involved in such incidents. Process and Impact Evaluation of Services Provided to Victims of Crime by the Cook County (Illinois) State's Attorney's Office Illinois Criminal Justice Information Authority Candice Kane 96-IJ-CX-0083 This project provides process and impact evaluations of the Cook County (Illinois) Victim-Witness Assistance Program. *Public Attitudes Concerning the Use of New Technologies to Detect Weapons Johns Hopkins University Daniel W. Webster 97-IJ-CX-0022 This study is examining public attitudes toward new law enforcement weapons detection and surveillance technologies and intervention strategies. Public Responses to Vermont's Experiment with Restorative Justice Doble Research Associates, Inc. John Doble 98-IJ-CX-0028 This award is surveying the opinions of Vermont's citizens about and experience with the State's system of "restorative justice" and the views of criminal justice officials about the new system and its effectiveness. Self-Evaluating Justice Organization: Building Local Evaluation Capacity Michael G. Maxfield, NIJ Visiting Fellow 95-IJ-CX-0029 This project is examining the role of self-evaluation as a problem-solving management tool in criminal justice agencies and producing a series of publica-tions that focus on the role of evaluation and on methods for carrying out an evaluation at the local level with limited resources and expertise. Sex Offender Notification in Wisconsin Communities Marquette University Richard G. Zevitz 98-IJ-CX-0015 This award examines the effectiveness of various approaches to notifying citizens that a sex offender is living in their community. *Sex Offenders in the Community: The Value of Polygraphs Colorado Division of Criminal Justice Kim English 97-LB-VX-0014 Researchers are exploring the value of and ethics surrounding polygraph data in monitoring, treatment, and prevention of sexual assaults by sex offenders who have been released to the community. Toward Common Sense in Sentencing Thomas J. Quinn, NIJ Visiting Fellow 95-IJ-CX-0016 This project examines the emerging interest in restorative justice from the perspective of State and local criminal justice officials and policymakers. Undocumented Aliens in Federal, State, and Local Criminal Justice Systems The Urban Institute Rebecca Clark 96-DD-BX-0036 This project describes the characteristics of undocumented aliens in the criminal justice system at the Federal, State, and local levels. *Wisconsin Idea: Evaluation Partnership on Sentencing and Corrections Wisconsin Department of Corrections Michael E. Smith 96-CE-VX-0003 This study examines sentences imposed in archetypal cases, the implementation of those sentences, and the philosophy behind and techniques employed by correctional programs. Workshop on Longitudinal Surveys of Children National Science Foundation Cheryl Eavey 97-IJ-CX-A061 This award supports efforts to collaborate and share information among both investigators and funders of current and future longitudinal surveys of children. o Corrections Analysis of Post-Prison Employment of the Herman Toulson Boot Camps Prerelease Employment Program Coppin State University Sherrise Y. Truesdale 97-IJ-CX-0037 This award compares the employment success of graduates of the Herman Toulson Boot Camp Prerelease Employment program to offenders who were placed on probation or parole. *Analysis of Risk Factors Contributing to Recidivism Rate of Sex Offenders Released to the Community Adult Probation Department of Maricopa County (Arizona) Lori Scott 96-CE-VX-0014 This research is identifying and tracking certain variables (such as treatment, family support, level of denial, employment, and substance abuse) to determine the extent to which they contribute to the successful placement of the offender in the community. *Boot Camps and Their Impact on Confinement Populations Abt Associates Inc. Dale Parent 96-SC-VX-0005 This study assesses the extent to which boot camps can achieve the goal of accelerating the release of nonviolent offenders, thereby generating bed space for the confinement of more violent offenders. Information on all 44 federally funded boot camps is being collected and 4 will be given intensive analysis. Case Classification in Community Corrections: A National Survey University of Cincinnati Edward Latessa 98-IJ-CX-0008 This award is surveying community corrections agencies to describe the nature and extent of these agencies' use of case classifications. *Collaborative Development of Individual Discharge Planning for Incarcerated Women University of Rhode Island Kathryn Quina 96-CE-VX-0012 This project is determining the extent to which an intensive discharge planning process improves psychosocial functioning and reduces the risk of recidivism for incarcerated women. *Correctional Boot Camps for Juveniles: A Proposal for a Multisite Study University of Maryland, College Park Doris MacKenzie 96-SC-LX-0001 This study examines the conditions of confinement at 27 juvenile boot camps and measures and compares participant outcomes, such as the juveniles' performance during community supervision. *Cost Analysis of Day Reporting Centers Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation Amy Craddock 97-IJ-CX-0006 This analysis is examining whether the benefits of providing day reporting centers exceed the costs and assessing how to increase program efficiency. *Crime and Justice Thematic Volume on Prisons Castine Research Corporation Michael Tonry 96-CE-VX-K001 This award supports the development of essays to be collected in a thematic volume on prison issues for the Crime and Justice series. Drug Testing for Youthful Offenders on Parole: An Experimental Study California Youth Authority Rudy Haapanen 91-IJ-CX-K023 This study compares the effects of different levels of routine, unscheduled drug testing on criminality and parole adjustment among young adult offenders on parole supervision. *Effect of Correctional Resources on the Sentencing of Male and Female Defendants in Minnesota Florida International University Lisa Stolzenberg 96-CE-VX-0008 This study examines gender-specific trends in sentencing in Minnesota and whether judicial decisionmaking and sentence severity are influenced by the differences in prison crowding in men's and women's prisons. Enhancing the Evaluation Outcomes of Innovative Boot Camp Programs Southern Illinois University Tom Castellano 94-IJ-CX-0019 This project explores the factors associated with the implementation and development of innovative correctional boot camps and examines program impacts on such offender traits as self-esteem and problem-solving skills. Evaluating the Impact of Alternative Housing and Programming Policies in Adult Prisons Abt Associates Inc. Terence Dunworth 98-CE-VX-0003 This award is examining the issue of waived juveniles sentenced to adult prisons to determine the number of waived juveniles admitted to adult prisons in 1997 in each State, to identify the characteristics of these juveniles, and to describe how prisons respond to their needs. Evaluating the Impact of Alternative Placement: Long-Term Followup of Adjudicated Delinquents University of Illinois, Chicago Michael Fendrich 95-IJ-CX-0108 This study explores the relative impact of alternatives to State training schools on the recidivism of adjudicated delinquents. *Evaluation of Los Angeles County (California) Juvenile Drug Treatment Boot Camp California State University, San Marcos Sheldon Zhang 96-SC-VX-0003 This study evaluates the Los Angeles County (California) Drug Treatment Boot Camp program to assess postprogram drug use, determine whether postrelease criminal behavior is reduced, and identify the characteristics of successful graduates. *Evaluation of New Mexico's Private-Public Partnership Offender Work Program University of New Mexico Bert Useem 98-CE-VX-0005 Researchers are examining the effects of New Mexico's new work program on inmates and parolees. *Evaluation of OJP FY95 Boot Camp Planning Grants National Council on Crime and Delinquency Sandra Tunis 96-SC-VX-0004 This national study focuses on the boot camp planning grants awarded by the Office of Justice Programs' Corrections Program Office in fiscal year 1995 and examines barriers to achieving planning and implementation goals and char-acteristics that lead to successful planning and implementation. Evaluation of the Bureau of Justice Assistance's Correctional Options Demonstration Program National Council on Crime and Delinquency James F. Austin 95-DD-BX-K009 This award supports continued evaluation of cost-effective alternatives to traditional incarceration. Fifteen sites that operate boot camps and other intermediate sanctions programs are being evaluated. Evaluation of the National Institute of Corrections' Criminal Justice System Project Policy Studies, Inc. David Price 97-IJ-CX-0056 This process evaluation of the National Institute of Corrections' Criminal Justice System Project (CJSP) is assessing the ability of new correctional policymaking structures to work collaboratively, generate long-term strategies for systemwide change, and develop sanctioning options that meet policy goals. *Executive Seminar Series on Sentencing and Corrections University of Minnesota Michael Tonry 97-MU-MU-K006 This project is holding five seminars involving researchers and practitioners with expertise in sentencing and corrections to identify significant issues and discuss how those issues can be addressed through sentencing policies and correctional practices. *Forging a Florida Correctional Research Coalition Florida State University Gordon Waldo 96-CE-VX-0007 This award supports the creation of the Florida Correctional Research Coalition (FCRC), a partnership between the School of Criminology and Criminal Justice at Florida State University and the Florida Department of Corrections. Girl Scouts Behind Bars Program: Research and Evaluation University of Baltimore Kathleen Block 94-IJ-CX-K013 This evaluation of the Maryland Girl Scouts Beyond Bars program assesses the impact of enhanced visitation on the relationship between incarcerated mothers and their daughters by collecting data on the children's school and home life. *Government Management of Correctional Privatization and Its Impact on Public Administration Abt Associates Inc. Terence Dunworth 98-CE-VX-0002 This award examines issues related to the privatization of correctional initiatives, including the experience to date of Federal, State, and local governments in managing private correctional firms and an evaluation of contracting approaches. Health Status of Soon-to-Be-Released Inmates National Commission on Correctional Health Care Robert Greifinger 97-IJ-CX-K018 Panels of experts in correctional health care are identifying interventions for the diagnosis and treatment of communicable diseases, chronic diseases, and mental illnesses in soon-to-be-released inmates. *HIDTA Seamless System for Drug-Involved Offenders: A Randomized Multicenter Evaluation University of Maryland, College Park Faye S. Taxman 96-CE-VX-0017 This project evaluates the efforts of eight Maryland counties to increase prison space for violent offenders by integrating drug treatment and sur- veillance for nonviolent felons. Identifying Effective Correctional Programs for Female Felony Offenders Michigan State University Timothy S. Bynum 96-IJ-CX-0021 This project is evaluating two innovative community programs for female offenders. *Impact of Truth-in-Sentencing on Length of Stay in Prison The Urban Institute William J. Sabol 98-CE-VX-0006 This award assesses the effects of truth-in-sentencing provisions on length of stay, develops methods for estimating length of stay for entering cohorts, and explores how the criminal justice and corrections systems have adapted to truth-in-sentencing. Implications for Corrections of the Community Movement in Criminal Justice Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey Todd R. Clear, NIJ Visiting Fellow 96-IJ-CX-0004 This project addresses a variety of issues related to the role of local communities in correctional responses to crime and justice, including the theoretical implications of local justice and the practical and strategic aspects of the local justice concept of community safety. *Local Impact of Violent Offender and Truth-in-Sentencing Legislation: How Probation and Community Corrections Respond RAND Corporation Peter Greenwood 96-CE-VX-0001 This project assesses the impact of violent offender and truth-in- sentencing legislation in six selected counties and examines major sentencing structures, the role of counties in drafting and passing violent offender and truth-in-sentencing legislation, the changes in local jail and probation policies and practices, and the costs and benefits of this type of reform. *Managing Felons in Los Angeles County, California RAND Corporation Joan Petersilia 96-CE-VX-0018 This project explores the impact of State sentencing initiatives on county corrections by examining how felons are sanctioned and managed in Los Angeles County and the consequences of such sanctions in terms of public safety and costs. *National Multisite Impact Evaluation of Private and Public Boot Camp Programs National Council on Crime and Delinquency James F. Austin 96-SC-LX-0002 This project evaluates 10 boot camp programs, including 3 adult offender programs run by State departments of corrections, 3 adult offender programs run by counties, and 4 juvenile offender programs operated privately. The research focuses on whether aftercare strategies are effective in influencing outcomes. New Boys On the Block: Under-18-Year-Olds in Adult Prisons American Correctional Association Robert B. Levinson 97-IJ-CX-0024 This study is determining the number of offenders under 18 years of age in adult prisons and examining the different management methods used to assign this special juvenile population to living quarters. *New Jersey's No Early Release Act: Its Impact on Prosecution, Sentencing, Corrections, Parole, and Victim Satisfaction Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey Candace McCoy 98-CE-VX-0007 This study is determining the impact of New Jersey's No Early Release Act, which requires that offenders convicted of violent crimes serve a minimum of 85 percent of their sentences before becoming eligible for parole. Nighttime Incarceration as an Intermediate Sanction University of Oklahoma Thomas James 98-IJ-CX-0011 This award is evaluating an Oklahoma program that uses nighttime incarceration as an intermediate sanction. Parents in Prisons: Understanding the Attitudes and Practices of Incarcerated Men Toward Their Children National Trust for the Development of African-American Men Garry A. Mendez 97-IJ-CX-0036 Researchers are developing a survey of male prisoners to assess their attitudes toward childrearing and are also developing a parenting program to help incarcerated men learn how to communicate with their children; build relationships; and provide for themselves, their families, and their communities. *Pennsylvania Commission on Sentencing and Crime, Law, and Justice: A Research Partnership Pennsylvania State University Barry Ruback 97-CE-VX-0001 This partnership is developing a 5-year research agenda involving a multisite evaluation of the use and effect of intermediate sanctions, especially victim restitution, and an assessment of the impact of changes in sentencing policies on the racial and ethnic composition of Pennsylvania's prisons. *Probationer Compliance With Conditions of Supervision University of Maryland, College Park Doris MacKenzie 93-IJ-CX-0045 This project provides information about conditions of community supervision and explores the relationship between violations of the conditions and criminality. Profiling the Needs of California's Female Youth Authority Population California State University, Fresno Barbara Owen 95-IJ-CX-0098 This applied research project develops a protocol to assess the needs of the female youthful offender population nationwide. Public Support for Corrections Rehabilitation: A Factorial Survey Approach University of Cincinnati Brandon K. Applegate 96-IJ-CX-0007 This project examines public support for rehabilitation in Ohio's correctional system and the factors that influence such public support. Test, Modify, and Retest: An Agenda for Evaluating Intensive Supervision and Probation Council of State Governments and American Probation and Parole Association Timothy H. Matthews 95-IJ-CX-0032 This project evaluates a prototypical intensive supervision and probation model to promote behavioral change in offenders by focusing on the concentrated provision of services rather than surveillance and incapacitating measures only. Testing Hair Samples and the Pennsylvania Prison Project Psychemedics Corporation Chris Berka 96-IJ-CX-C005 This project conducts radio-immunoassays on head hair specimens to determine recent and past drug use among prison inmates. Texas Prison-Based Treatment Assessment Texas Christian University D. Dwayne Simpson 96-IJ-CX-0024 This outcome evaluation of a prison-based therapeutic community, a residential treatment center, and an outpatient care program examines whether providing in-prison treatment coupled with postrelease services can reduce recidivism, drug use, and HIV risk behaviors over time. *Unintended Consequences of Increased Incarceration on Community Organization The Urban Institute William J. Sabol 98-CE-VX-0004 In many communities, an increasing number of young men are being incarcerated. This project is examining the impact of this phenomenon on crime patterns and community social order. *Unintended Consequences of Sentencing Policy: The Creation of Long- Term Health Care Obligations Abt Associates Inc. Terence Dunworth 98-CE-VX-0001 This project is assessing the health care needs and associated health care costs for offenders under the custody of the Federal Bureau of Prisons and predicting changes in these needs as a result of violent offender initiatives, truth-in-sentencing provisions, and other sentencing reforms. Violations of Release Conditions and the Prediction of Criminal Recidivism University of Maryland, College Park Claire Souryal 96-IJ-CX-0011 This research expands the studies of intensive parole supervision by analyzing whether technical violations of parole conditions signal that an offender is likely to commit a new crime. *Violent Offender Incarceration and Truth-in-Sentencing: National Evaluation of Implementation Experiences and Impact on Corrections RAND Corporation Susan Turner 96-CE-VX-0006 This evaluation tracks and documents over time significant changes in a number of key process and outcome variables for the 50 States, including legislative actions, prosecution and defense strategies, sentencing patterns, criminal justice system costs, and crime rates. RAND is also conducting case studies of recent sentencing and correctional reforms in six States. o Courts Adjudication and Sentencing Process: The Impact of the Community and Legal Context Joint Centers for Justice Studies, Inc. Christopher D. Maxwell 98-IJ-CX-0023 This award examines disparities in adjudication and sentencing processes across jurisdictions to alert policymakers to the social and demographic conditions that can contribute to inequalities. Assessment of Washington, D.C.'s Pilot Community Prosecution Initiative Barbara Boland, NIJ Visiting Fellow 97-IJ-CX-0058 This award is assisting the U.S. Attorney of the District of Columbia in evaluating the effectiveness of the Fifth District's Community Prosecution Pilot Project. Clients of Street Prostitutes: Exploring Court Diversion Programs University of Portland Martin A. Monto 97-IJ-CX-0033 This research is providing descriptive data on men who have been arrested for soliciting prostitution in San Francisco and Portland and who are required to participate in a court diversion program. *Data Collection and Communication: An Implementation Guide National Center for State Courts Susan Keilitz 96-WT-NX-0002 This study expands the national evaluation of the Office of Justice Programs' STOP (Services, Training, Officers, Prosecutors) grants to thoroughly analyze their experiences with data collection and communication systems to enable future development, implementation, and standardization of data collection and communication systems. Dispensing Justice Locally: An Analysis of the Impacts, Costs, and Benefits of the Midtown Community Court Fund for the City of New York Michele Sviridoff 96-IJ-CX-0019 This evaluation of the Midtown (Manhattan) Community Court expands the assessment of the court's impact on quality-of-life offenses, recidivism, and jail displacement and includes a cost-benefit analysis. *Domestic Violence Courts National Center for State Courts Victor Flango 98-WT-VX-0002 This award is creating the first comprehensive catalog of domestic violence courts in the United States and is developing a set of performance goals and related measures to build a common under-standing of the operations of various models of domestic violence courts. Effects of Court Dispositions on the Likelihood of Rearrest for Domestic Violence Arrestees in Cincinnati University of Cincinnati John Wooldredge 95-IJ-CX-0102 This project assesses the effectiveness of pretrial detention, conviction, or jail sentences for preventing and delaying further domestic violence by suspects arrested for misdemeanor domestic violence in Cincinnati, Ohio. Estimating the Costs and Benefits of Mandatory Sentencing Laws RAND Corporation Peter Greenwood 95-IJ-CX-0099 This project assesses the potential costs and benefits of three-strikes-and- you're-out and similar mandatory sentencing laws to help administrators plan for their implementation and help public officials and the general public better understand them. Evaluating Treatment Drug Courts in Portland, Oregon, and Las Vegas, Nevada Crime and Justice Research Institute John Goldkamp 98-DC-VX-K001 This evaluation consists of a two-part study with a descriptive, historical, and attitudinal analysis of the two drug courts and a retrospective assessment of their operation over a 5-year period. *Evaluation of Drug Treatment Courts: Kansas City, Missouri, and Pensacola, Florida Abt Associates Inc. Terence Dunworth 97-DC-VX-K002 This award supports a process and outcome evaluation of two drug courts. *Evaluation of Florida's Residential Drug Treatment and Prison Diversion Program Richard L. Linster, NIJ Visiting Fellow 96-CE-VX-0010 As Florida's prison admissions have decreased, commitments to residential drug treatment programs have grown. This project assesses the impact of these programs in terms of recidivism and costs and benefits. Evaluation of a Metropolitan Area DWI Night Court New Mexico State University L. Thomas Winfree, Jr. 96-IJ-CX-0022 This evaluation measures the effects of a specialized, driving while intoxicated (DWI) night court on recidivism rates, changes in attitudes and self-reported behaviors, court operations, the local criminal justice community, the local legal community, and other interest groups. *Evaluation of North Carolina's Structured Sentencing Law Research Triangle Institute James Collins 96-CE-VX-0013 This project examines the impact of North Carolina's structured sentencing law and the implications for sentencing legislation, guidelines, structures to support sentencing reform, resource needs, and correctional program development. *Evaluation of the Development and Implementation of Virginia's Sentencing Law National Center for State Courts Brian Ostrom 96-CE-VX-0005 This project provides the first systematic examination of the implementation of Virginia's new no-parole, truth-in-sentencing laws implemented in 1995. Evaluation of the District of Columbia Superior Court Drug Court Intervention Program The Urban Institute Adele Harrell 94-IJ-CX-K011 This award supports process and impact evaluations and cost-benefit analysis of two treatment strategies associated with the D.C. Drug Court Intervention Program. Evaluation and Review of the Peacemaker Court of the Navajo Nation Temple University Eric Gross 97-IJ-CX-0039 Researchers are measuring the efficacy of the Peacemaker Court (including rates of recidivism and contribution to social harmony) and assisting the Navajo Judicial Office in developing a comprehensive computerized system that will organize Court performance evaluation. *Evaluation of the Kings County (New York) Felony Domestic Violence Court Fund for the City of New York Michele Sviridoff 97-WT-VX-0005 This evaluation of the Kings County (New York) Felony Domestic Violence Court, which emphasizes continuous judicial supervision of defendants and continual updates on the delivery of assistance to victims, is based on a mix of quantitative and qualitative methods. Impact of Mandatory Minimum Sentences on Felony Case Processing National Center for State Courts John Goerdt 94-IJ-CX-0040 This study examines the impact of two sentencing trends--mandatory minimum sentences for first-time drug offenders and mandatory minimum sentence enhancements for habitual offenders--on trial rates, backlog, delay, and conviction rates. *Impact of Truth-in-Sentencing Reform in Massachusetts Massachusetts Committee on Criminal Justice Francis J. Carney 96-CE-VX-0011 This project examines the impact of sentencing guideline reforms on judicial decisionmaking and on criminal justice resources. Improving Alien Adjudication and Pretrial Release Procedures Vera Institute of Justice, Inc. Christopher E. Stone 95-IJ-CX-0034 This award supports the design and implementation of a demonstration program to increase the effectiveness and efficiency of adjudication and pretrial release procedures for aliens. Influence of Court, Prosecutor, and Defense Resources on Felony Adjudication Procedures and Interagency Coordination of Felony Case Processing National Center for State Courts John Goerdt 94-IJ-CX-0003 This project examines court, prosecutor, and defender resources; case management procedures; and methods of interagency coordination and their impact on the pace and outcomes of felony adjudication in 10 large urban jurisdictions. *Multisite Evaluation of Second Generation Sentencing Commissions Abt Associates Inc. William Rhodes 96-CE-VX-0016 This award supports a study of four sentencing commissions to determine the various effects of sentencing guidelines. Specific areas being studied include dispositional disparity, durational disparity, variations in effects among States, and changes in the size and composition of prison populations. *Offender Outcomes Under North Carolina Criminal Justice Partnership Act Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation Amy Craddock 96-CE-VX-0004 This study assesses offender outcomes under a new North Carolina structured sentencing system that reserves jail and prison space for violent and repeat offenders and directs most others to community-based sanctions. Prosecution in the Community: A Study of Emergent Strategies Harvard University George Kelling and Catherine Coles 95-IJ-CX-0096 This study documents and develops profiles of prosecutorial strategies in State prosecutors' offices in five cities; explores the congruence between operational strategies of police and prosecutors; and determines indicators to measure community prosecution's effectiveness in dealing with specific problems. *Prosecution Strategies in Domestic Violence University of Iowa Carolyn Hartley 95-WT-NX-0003 This study examines the prosecution of domestic violence-related cases to identify those strategies associated with a successful outcome of conviction on the original charge. Prosecutorial Response to Bias-Motivated Crimes American Prosecutors Research Institute Don Rebovich 95-IJ-CX-0004 This 12-month study gathers information on the prosecution of bias- motivated offenses through a mail survey administered to approximately 800 district attorney's offices nationwide. Restoring Accountability in Pretrial Release in the 1990s: An Experiment in Managing Safe and Effective Release Crime and Justice Research Institute John S. Goldkamp 96-IJ-CX-0008 This award supports an evaluation of how the Philadelphia criminal court system has adapted to greater autonomy in pretrial release decisions and an assessment of the elements of effective (minimal and safe) pretrial release. Rethinking Organizational Strategies and Criminal Justice Performance Measures: The Case of Community Prosecution Barbara Boland, NIJ Visiting Fellow 95-IJ-CX-0112 This award supports development of performance measures for the Portland, Oregon, model of community prosecution; assessment of the applicability of the performance measure methodology to Manhattan's community prosecution model; and documentation of the characteristics of community prosecution strategies nationwide. *Study of Legislation and Impact of Two-Strikes Legislation National Council on Crime and Delinquency James F. Austin 96-CE-VX-0009 This project builds on a study of the impact of California and Washington State's two- and three-strikes laws to include an analysis of Georgia's recently enacted two-strikes law. Teen Court Planning Grant Time Dollar, Inc. Edgar S. Cahn 96-IJ-CX-0002 This award supports an innovative approach to delinquency prevention and intervention in Washington, D.C., called Teen Court, which holds offenders responsible, offers services and job training, and involves community members. Three-Strikes-and-You're-Out: A Comparative Study of Two States' New Legislation National Council on Crime and Delinquency James F. Austin 95-IJ-CX-0026 This research project analyzes how three-strikes-and-you're-out laws are being implemented by the courts and the consequences for criminal justice system charging practices, pretrial detention, court delay, court disposition, and prison population growth. *Unintended Impacts of Sentencing Reforms and Incarceration on Family Structure University of Minnesota Samuel Myers 96-CE-VX-0015 This project assesses the impact of incarceration and sentencing reforms on family structure and stability by investigating the same empirical issue using three data sets and applying a variety of statistical methods. o Law Enforcement Family Support Program *Collier County (Florida) Sheriff's Office Law Enforcement Family Support Initiative Collier County Edward Ferguson 97-FS-VX-0004 This project establishes a comprehensive stress reduction program for law enforcement and corrections personnel and their spouses. *Family Violence Prevention and Recovery Project Los Angeles County (California) Sheriff's Department Audrey L. Honig 97-FS-VX-0003 This award is creating a multifaceted education, training, and treatment program for law enforce-ment personnel who are experiencing family violence problems and assessing how the agency responds to such incidents in the community. Identification of Work and Family Services for Law Enforcement Personnel Police Research Education Project Elizabeth McGee 95-IJ-CX-0113 This project identifies the work and family stress factors in police officers' lives and the programs provided to assist them. It also surveys a national sample of law enforcement agencies to determine the availability and success of such programs. *Law Enforcement Family Support: Demonstration Project Tennessee Sheriff's Association, Inc. Paul Jennings 97-FS-VX-0005 Stress reduction services are being provided through peer support groups, a toll-free hotline for officers and their families, a stress reduction program for regional academies, and a training workbook. *Law Enforcement Family Support National Association of Police Organizations Jody Hedeman 96-FS-VX-0001 This project develops, implements, and evaluates innovative and comprehensive stress reduction educational training programs for officers' perceived work and family needs in Dallas, Texas; Erie County, New York; and Minneapolis, Minnesota. *Law Enforcement Family Support Demonstration Project Baton Rouge (Louisana) Fraternal Order of Police, Lodge 1 Kevin McCarthy 96-FS-VX-0005 This project is expanding the existing Critical Incident Stress Debriefing program to cover the entire State of Louisiana and to include stress reduction services for officers experiencing all types of employment- related stress. *Law Enforcement Family Support Program Iowa State University Eugene Deisinger 96-FS-VX-0006 This award is developing and evaluating a comprehensive stress management program model for university, municipal, and county law enforcement officers and their families in rural areas. *Law Enforcement Family Support Program Vermont Department of Public Safety Michael Sorenson 96-FS-VX-0008 This program provides stress management services to police officers and their families as needed throughout the State of Vermont. Law Enforcement Family Support Survey and Focus Groups Center for Criminal Justice Studies Elizabeth Langston 95-IJ-CX-0089 This study provides information on the extent and nature of police stress as identified by focus groups of police officers and spouses. *Law Enforcement Family Support: Training Program for Reduction of Stress Among Law Enforcement Officers and Their Families New York Division of Criminal Justice Eileen Langer 96-FS-VX-0002 This program trains police officers and their families throughout the State of New York in stress management techniques. *Law Enforcement Work and Family Stress Support Baltimore City (Maryland) Fraternal Order of Police Gary McLhinney 97-FS-VX-0001 This project is assessing the effectiveness of a total quality management (TQM) model to reduce stress for Baltimore officers and their spouses using surveys of perceived stress, accident rates, citizen complaints, and absenteeism, among other variables. *Police Chaplaincy: An Innovative Law Enforcement Stress Reduction Delivery System Arkansas State Police Jim Tudor 96-FS-VX-0004 This statewide law enforcement chaplaincy program provides routine and emergency stress management services, including alcohol and/or dependency counseling, postshooting counseling, officer trauma counseling, death notifications, and specialized education for police recruits and their families. *Stress Reduction Among Law Enforcement Officers and Families Exploratory Study City of Buffalo R. Gil Kerlikowski 96-IJ-CX-0056 This study is identifying gender- and ethnic-specific stressors facing law enforcement officers and developing strategies that could be imple-mented by law enforcement organizations to address such stressors. *Stress Reduction Program for Law Enforcement Officers and Their Families City of Colorado Springs, Colorado Carol Logan 97-FS-VX-0002 This award is examining the value of using eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR), which has been successfully used to treat posttraumatic stress syndrome and other psycho-logical traumas, to reduce job-related stress among police officers and their families. *Stress Reduction Program for Law Enforcement Personnel and Their Families Los Angeles (California) Police Department Kevin Jablonski 98-IJ-CX-0010 This award is examining the efficacy of stress reduction interventions related to anger behavior and management, testing for HIV, and involvement in civil litigation. *Stress Reduction Program for New York City Police Officers New York City Patrolmen's Benevolent Association Membership Assistance Program William Genet 96-FS-VX-0007 This project is developing a handbook for peer support officers, conducting awareness training to expand the network of mental health clinicians who are familiar with the needs and problems of police officers and their families, conducting training for l,500 officers and family members, and organizing support groups. *Stress Training for Officers and Partners Miami Police Department Gerald Darling 96-FS-VX-0003 This project provides stress management training, which addresses both personal and work-related problems, to 200 new officers and their families. o Intramural Projects Assessment of Sentencing Outcomes for Drug Offenders in State Courts Jordan Leiter and Angela Moore-Parmley This research compares sentencing outcomes for black and white drug offenders convicted in State courts in Virginia and Minnesota. Both the likelihood of being incarcerated and the length of incarceration are being studied. Balancing Probation Officer Caseloads for Risk Pamela K. Lattimore This project continues NIJ's work with the Florida Department of Corrections to use model-generated probabilities of probation failure to assign probationers to appropriate levels of supervision. Equalizing Penalties for Crack and Powdered Cocaine: The Minnesota Experience Jordan Leiter and Angela Moore-Parmley This research compares the disposition and length of sentence for defendants charged with crack and powder cocaine offenses in Hennepin and Ramsey Counties before and after sentencing guidelines were enacted to equalize the penalties for these types of offenses. Prison Drug Use: Results of Drug Testing in a State Prison System Thomas E. Feucht and Pamela K. Lattimore In cooperation with the Pennsylvania Department of Corrections, researchers are measuring the extent of drug use in prisons and assessing the impact of specific drug control strategies, including drug-detection dogs, electronic drug-detection equipment, and randomized drug testing. o Research Applications Contract Projects Abt Associates Inc. Joan Mullen OJP-C-94-007 Addressing HIV/AIDS, STDs, and TB in Jails and Prisons This project is updating information on the policies and procedures related to HIV/AIDS, STDs, and TB among incarcerated adult and juvenile offenders. Case Management of Criminally Involved Populations This report documents recent research on case management for offenders and provides examples of case management-based criminal justice programs. Correctional Officer Stress This report examines the types of stress correctional officers face and the funding, marketing, and monitoring of programs designed to reduce that stress. Dispute Settlement Center of Durham, North Carolina This indepth review of the services offered by the Dispute Settlement Center of Durham, North Carolina, focuses on the problems the Center has confronted and various issues involved in its development and operation. Employment Clearinghouse for Former Offenders This report, cofunded with the National Institute of Corrections, describes a partnership between Washington State's Department of Corrections and Department of Employment Security that coordinates employment services for former offenders, including training in job readiness, job seeking, and employment retention. Florida's Automated Risk Classification System for Probationers NIJ researchers have developed a statistical model for assessing risk and needs to better target the level of supervision each probationer needs. This report describes in lay terms how the automated pilot program worked. Life Skills Programs: Delaware, Nebraska, and Other Sites This series of reports, cofunded with the U.S. Department of Education, describes instructional programs in correctional settings designed to help inmates succeed once released. Program implementation, obstacles and opportunities, and specific program elements, such as literacy, financial management, parenting, and anger control, are described. Maryland Shelter Plus Mental Health Care Program for Dually Diagnosed Offenders Released From Jail This report describes and assesses a new program for mentally ill offenders who are newly released from jail and detention centers. Through housing vouchers, the program reduces the likelihood that this population will become homeless. Pretrial Services This report explores developments in the field of pretrial services, emphasizing the ways pretrial services respond to the pressures of emergency release, three-strikes-and-you're-out legislation, juveniles, and the increasing number of drug-related crimes. Project SEEK This report highlights Project SEEK (Services to Enable and Empower Kids), a Michigan program for families and children of incarcerated persons (primarily fathers). Victim Impact Statements This report details the history and current use of victim impact statements and examines community impact statements, which are of considerable interest to the restorative justice and community justice movements. Women's Prison Association and Home, Inc. This report highlights a community program in New York City that provides a variety of support services for newly released women inmates to ease their transition into the community. TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT *Application of Static Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry to Trace Evidence Analysis Lockheed Martin Energy Research, Idaho National Engineering Laboratory Gary S. Groenewold 97-LB-VX-A050 This award supports static secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) analysis for chemical characterization of trace evidence, focusing on man- made fibers and paint coatings. Armstrong Laboratory Acoustic Study U.S. Department of the Air Force, Armstrong Laboratories James R. Jauchem 97-DT-CX-A069 This award is demonstrating the utility of ultra-low-frequency sound as an incapacitation technology suitable for hostage rescue scenarios. Assessment of Explosively Formed Penetrator (Flying Plate) U.S. Department of the Navy, Naval Surface Warfare Center Mard Magdinec 97-DT-CX-A074 The Department of the Navy is assessing the potential utility of an explosively formed penetrator (flying plate). *Assessment of Law Enforcement Technology Training Needs Sam Houston State University Larry T. Hoover 97-LB-VX-K020 This award is surveying technology training needs and available training curriculums to determine areas of inadequacy, then is developing new technologies and systems for law enforcement. Assessment of Police and Sheriff Departments Center for Technology Commercialization, Inc. Thomas Kennedy 97-LB-VX-K012 This award is surveying a representative cross section of police and sheriff's departments to determine current use and unmet needs for information management. *Ballistics Matching Using Three-Dimensional Images of Bullets and Cartridge Cases Intelligent Automation, Inc. Leonard S. Haynes 97-LB-VX-0008 Three-dimensional data are being captured from a bullet's surface using a structure similar to an atomic force microscope. The new approach builds upon an existing system--called Rotoscan--which digitizes striation data from bullets. *Body Cavity Screening System Quantum Magnetics, Inc. Geoff Barrall 97-LB-VX-K019 A safe, noninvasive system based on magnetic resonance imaging is being designed and tested to detect contraband, such as very hard plastic or metal weapons or narcotics, being transported or hidden inside the body. Bomb Threat Training Simulator University of Houston, Office of Sponsored Programs Christopher Chung 96-IJ-CX-0025 This project is developing computer-based, first-on-the-scene bomb threat training scenarios to augment conventional classroom training. *Collection and Analysis of Explosives Trace Chemical Evidence Lockheed Martin Energy Research, Oak Ridge National Laboratory Michael E. Sigman 97-LB-VX-A052 New materials and methods--surface wipes and sorbents--are being developed for the sampling and analysis of trace chemical evidence, including pre- and postblast explosive residue from surfaces. *Computerized Mug Book Southeastern Louisiana University Hunter A. McAllister 97-LB-VX-K024 This research is testing the use of computerized, multimedia mugshots and video imagery in criminal identification. *Containment Devices for Small Terrorist Bombs JAYCOR Defense Sciences Group Herman H. Klein 97-DT-CX-K001 Because current methods of bomb disposal are dangerous, this award supports development and evaluation of a new design for a low-cost, lightweight, easily transportable, blast-resistant container for law enforcement to store and transport bombs. Cutting Edge of Technology: An Information Campaign International Association of Chiefs of Police Charles E. Higginbotham 92-IJ-CX-0003 This project seeks to ensure that law enforcement learns about innovative technology applications developed and researched by the National Institute of Justice. *Database Integration and Access for Law Enforcement Intranet Tucson (Arizona) Police Department Bradley Cochran 97-LB-VX-K023 This award involves design and management of an integrated justice information database, secured intranet server and transaction processing, and cost-effective graphical remote information access functions. *Demonstration of Orthophotographic Representation and Analysis University of Maryland, Baltimore Keith D. Harries 97-LB-VX-K004 This award is using orthophotography, a digital geography technology, to enable police officers and community residents to photographically visualize crime and other relevant social and environmental data. Detection and Classification of Concealed Weapons Using Magnetic Gradient Measurements U.S. Department of Energy, Idaho National Engineering Laboratory Jonathan Nadler 95-IJ-CX-A027 This project is using magnetic gradient measurement techniques in the design and fabrication of a prototype passive sensor system for detecting and classifying concealed weapons carried by individuals. Determination of the Comparative Ballistics of Enhanced Threat Weapons University of Denver, Colorado Seminary Deborah Bradford 95-IJ-CX-K004 This project is developing a reasonable spectrum or matrix best suited for comparative ballistics data of enhanced threat weapons. The project is designing an experimental program that will determine the comparative ballistics of enhanced threat weapons in law enforcement and corrections settings. *Development of Advanced Wireless Technology Standards Association of Public Safety Communications Officials International, Inc. Craig M. Jorgensen 97-LB-VX-K002 This award supports development of a series of technical, land mobile, narrow-band voice and data standards to enhance the capabilities of public safety agencies to access information and reduce inquiry response time. *Development of a Baton with a Projectable Restraining Net LRF, Inc. Guy Javarone 97-LB-VX-K011 This award is developing a law enforcement baton with a projectable restraining net to enable law enforcement officers to better control suspects without using injurious or lethal force. Development of Certification Examinations for Practicing Firearms and Toolmark Examiners Association of Firearm and Toolmark Examiners Kenneth F. Kowalski 97-IJ-CX-0038 This award is developing written certification exams for practicing firearm and toolmark examiners to rectify some of the criticisms that have arisen in the field of forensic examination. Development of DNA Identification Techniques for Forensically Important Insects University of California, Berkeley Felix A.H. Sperling 97-IJ-CX-0035 This award utilizes DNA sequence data to precisely identify the life stages of most insects collected during forensic investigation in North America. Such forensic entomological evidence is frequently used to estimate time since death. *Development of a Personal Alarm and Location Monitoring System for Corrections Officers Telephonics Corporation Dennis Fortner 97-LB-VX-K021 This award involves design and development of a personal alarm and location system, based on radio frequency identification technology, that will protect corrections officers in all areas of a prison complex and will not require rewiring of an existing prison. DOD-DOJ Joint Program Steering Group, Concealed Weapons Detection U.S. Department of the Navy Jerry A. Koenig 97-IJ-CX-A013 This project continues support for concealed weapons detection technology initiatives undertaken by the U.S. Department of Defense- Department of Justice Joint Program Steering Group. DOD-DOJ Joint Program Steering Group, Counterterrorism U.S. Department of Defense David Fields 97-IJ-CX-A025 This award supports engineering and technical assistance to the counterterrorism technology initiatives undertaken by the U.S. Department of Defense-Department of Justice Joint Program Steering Group. Domestic Violence Electronic Monitoring Project in San Diego Science Applications International Corporation Sid Chillcott 97-IJ-CX-K014 This project is evaluating a specially configured electronic monitoring technology for domestic violence offenders to determine its effectiveness in preventing further violence, its impact on the courts and enforcement agencies, and its utility in enforcing court-issued protection orders. *Estimation of the Postmortem Interval From Entomological Evidence University of Florida, Gainesville Jon C. Allen 97-LB-VX-0001 This project is developing forensic methods for using insect faunal observations at crime scenes to estimate time of death. *Evaluation of Oleoresin Capsicum University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill Michael Bowling 97-LB-VX-K018 This study is examining the effectiveness of oleoresin capsicum spray for law enforcement by analyzing data on assaults, injuries, and complaints alleging excessive force. Explosives Detection and Remediation Research and Evaluation U.S. Department of Defense, Office of Special Technology Jeffrey David 97-DT-CX-A068 This award is determining the explosive detection needs of law enforcement and is selecting, demonstrating, and evaluating the applicability of existing technologies to meet those needs. *Face Recognition Technology for Internet Based Gang Tracking Visionics Corporation Norman A. Redlich 97-LB-VX-K007 This award is developing database software to compare new images with existing images in the database to match and identify subjects. *Facial Recognition Technology Analytic Services, Inc. Helena Wisniewski 97-LB-VX-K025 This award is advancing current investigative efforts on behalf of missing and exploited children by automating the process of matching photographic resources from the National Center for Missing and Exploited Children and exploring tools for image-progression/regression and open source searches. *Facilitation of Domestic and International Technology Partnerships in Counterterrorism Efforts Eagan, McAllister Associates, Inc. Robert Greenberg 96-LB-VX-K008 This award supports the development of NIJ partnerships with technology and law enforcement organizations that can work together with NIJ. *Field Evaluation of the System for the Effective Control of Urban Environment Security (SECURES) University of Cincinnati Lorraine Green Mazerolle 96-MU-MU-0018 This project is evaluating the impact in Dallas of SECURES, which uses technology developed for the military to detect and report the location of gunshots in an urban environment. The research is documenting partnership-building efforts among the Dallas Police Department, Alliant Techsystems, Inc., and the local community. *Handheld Remote Concealed Weapons Detector JAYCOR Defense Sciences Group Franklin S. Felber 97-LB-VX-K008 This project is developing a handheld remote concealed weapons detector that will enable law enforcement officers to detect metallic and nonmetallic weapons concealed beneath clothing up to 20 feet away. *Hazardous Devices Training Tool U.S. Department of the Navy Walter H. Ott 97-DT-CX-A044 This project is developing a computer-based training course for bomb technicians for use by the Federal Bureau of Investigation, Explosive Unit- Bomb Data Center, to support State and local law enforcement agencies. *Health Hazard Assessment for Kinetic Energy Impact Weapons U.S. Department of the Army Gregory J. Argyros 97-LB-VX-A024 This award provides support, assistance, and resources to the U.S. Army Medical Research and Materiel Command to assess nonlethal blunt impact munitions and delivery systems for health hazard effects. Immigration and Naturalization Service Tire Deflator Development: Phase 3 Follow-On Eagle Research Group, Inc. John Rhines 97-IJ-CX-K001 This project is designing and fabricating prototype lightweight tire deflation devices capable of being remotely activated to stop fleeing vehicles at security checkpoints. *Investigative and Surveillance Technology: Training and Technical Support Institute of Investigative Technology John S. Ramming 97-LB-VX-K014 Training and technical support in investigative and surveillance technology is being provided through a series of training sessions and a toll-free hotline that can advise callers on the use of certain types of equipment and technologies. Law Enforcement Technology Commercialization Office (OLETC) Wheeling Jesuit University Paul O. Ginouves 98-IJ-CX-K002 OLETC develops and refines new strategies to accelerate the commercialization of innovative law enforcement and corrections products. It is committed to bringing high-value, well-tested products to market in a quick and affordable manner. Medicolegal Death Investigator Guidelines and Training Project Occupational Research and Assessment, Inc. Steven C. Clark 96-MU-CX-0005 This project is developing national guidelines for death investigations, criteria for training death investigators, and model legislation for State adoption. *Multisensor Portal Concealed Weapon Detection Chang Industry, Inc. Yu-wen Chang 98-DT-CX-K001 This award is developing and testing the next generation of multiple sensor portal concealed weapons and counterterrorism detection systems. *National Center for Arson and Explosion Research University of Central Florida William McGee 97-DN-VX-0001 This award is creating a forensic laboratory to study terrorist use of arson and explosives as tools of death and destruction. *Naval Command, Control, and Ocean Surveillance Inservice Engineering Laboratory--East Coast Division (NISE-E) Technical Programs U.S. Department of the Navy Steve Morrison 97-LB-VX-A043 This award supports research and development for the U.S. Navy's Portable Power Source Project and program management for its Concealed Weapons Detection Program. *New Radio Location Technology for Electronic Monitoring of Offenders in the Community Signatron Technology Corporation Steen A. Parl 97-LB-VX-K003 This project is studying the feasibility of using technology based on radio location techniques with continuous location and tracking capability as an alternative to conventional, electronic monitoring house arrest. *NIJ Surplus Property Program Ultimate Enterprise Limited Michael Simpson 96-LB-VX-K002 This project is developing procedures for locating, selecting, storing, repairing, and transferring select Department of Defense surplus property to State and local law enforcement and corrections agencies. *Oak Ridge National Laboratory Forensic Sciences Program U.S. Department of Energy Susan Heiser 96-LB-VX-A043 This award supports the establishment of a Department of Energy-NIJ forensic laboratory alliance for law enforcement. Operation of the Center for Advanced Support in Technology for Law Enforcement Federal Bureau of Investigation Steven McPeak 97-LB-VX-A070 This award supports the continued operation of the Center for Advanced Support in Technology for Law Enforcement. *Passive Millimeter-Wave Camera for Concealed Weapons Detection ThermoTrex Corporation John A. Lovberg 97-LB-VX-K015 ThermoTrex Corporation is designing, developing, and evaluating a passive millimeter-wave camera that can reveal concealed weapons under clothing as well as on the other side of a building wall. *Regional Gang Information System: Phase I Police Executive Research Forum Clifford Karchmer 96-LB-VX-K007 This project is conducting an initial demonstration of the Massachusetts Lotus Notes application to determine whether it can be used to establish a National Gang Tracking Network and is reviewing the legal and regulatory requirements that could impact the design, operation, and use of such a network. Ring Airfoil Projectile System Guilford Engineering Associates, Inc. David Findlay 97-IJ-CX-K019 This project is testing the feasibility of adapting Department of Defense inventories of Ring Airfoil Projectiles (RAP) to law enforcement's need for less-than-lethal weapons. *Sandia National Laboratories Test Facility Sandia National Laboratories Debra D. Spencer 97-LB-VX-A004 This award supports the establishment of a facility for testing both commercial and new prototype equipment, including equipment for the detection of explosives and drugs. SkyTracker Surveillance System National Systems and Research Company Paul Scheffer 96-IJ-CX-K006 This project is integrating the U.S. Department of Defense's Global Positioning System, a commercial communications satellite system, and miniaturized remote location sensors to covertly monitor the vehicles of suspected criminals. *Smart Card Systems for Prison Pharmacies Battelle Memorial Institute Frank J. Lukz 97-LB-VX-K017 This award is developing a pharmaceutical dispensing system that uses a plastic credit card with an embedded microchip that stores static and dynamic information electronically. The system has the potential to be used as an electronic purse to record a prisoner's medical copayments, commissary account, and parole and other information. *Smart Gun Development and Prototype Colt's Manufacturing Company, Inc. Douglas G. Overbury 97-LB-VX-K006 This award supports redesign of the Smart Gun Evaluation Prototype 1 to incorporate a smaller transponder, an integrated power supply and RF module in the grip, a laser aiming device, an improved blocking device, and a small onboard diagnostic display. *Southwest Border States Antidrug Information System Criminal Information Sharing Alliance Glen Gillum 97-LB-VX-K009 This award extends the Southwest Border States AntiDrug Information System to critical law enforcement agencies in Arizona, California, New Mexico, and Texas; produces technical recommendations for the telecommunication infrastructure that supports the System; and develops a wide area network architecture to support the Texas Criminal Law Enforcement Reporting and Information System. *Stand-Off Detection and Tracking of Concealed Weapons Quantum Magnetics, Inc. Peter V. Czipott 98-DT-CX-K002 This award is producing a device to mount on a patrol car and measure magnetic signals that indicate the presence of concealed weapons passing in front of the car. *Systems Engineering and Technical Assistance for the National Institute of Justice, Office of Science and Technology U.S. Department of Defense, Defense Support Office Carl F. Kiele 96-LB-VX-A038 This award supports program and technical management, planning and oversight, and systems engineering and technical evaluation for NIJ's science and technology programs. Technical Requirements for Implementation of Technology Information Network and Technical Support U.S. Department of the Navy Steve Morrison 95-IJ-CX-A016 This project provides resources, advice, and recommendations on the technical requirements for implementation in the first phase of construction of a hub Technology Information Network for the National Law Enforcement and Corrections Technology Centers. Technology Assessment Program U.S. Department of Commerce, National Institute of Standards and Technology Kathleen M. Higgins 94-IJ-CX-A004 This award continues support for projects developed under the Technology Assessment Program, such as DNA PCR standards, laboratory accreditation, armor piercing ammunition testing, trauma plate testing, less-than-lethal technologies technical support, and integrated systems digital network standards. Testing the Reliability of Animal Models in Research and Training Programs in Forensic Entomology Louisiana Tech University James D. Liberatos 94-IJ-CX-0039 This study authenticates a currently used method for determining the post mortem interval by scientifically testing the yet unsupported claim that the domestic pig is a reliable human surrogate in forensic entomology. Testing Reliability of Animal Models in Forensic Entomology: Phase 2 University of Indianapolis Neal H. Haskell 97-IJ-CX-0046 This project is assessing the adequacy of pig carcasses as surrogate human corpses to advance entomological indicators in death investigations and provide unequivocal information concerning the type and number of sampling methods investigators should employ at death scenes. Training Technology Development and Implementation U.S. Department of Defense, Naval Air Warfare Center Janet Weisenford 97-LB-VX-A042 This award is creating joint strategies for the development of training and simulation technologies. *Two-Dimensional Concrete Penetrating Imaging Radar Hughes Missile Systems Company Larry M. Fraizer 97-DT-CX-K002 This project is testing and evaluating two-dimensional, concrete penetrating imaging radar, which can reveal objects on the other side of high-density walls or structures. The imaging radar is being tested and evaluated under typical law enforcement field conditions. *Working With Technology in Corrections American Correctional Association John J. Greene 96-LB-VX-K004 This award is identifying, locating, and evaluating methods used to purchase correctional technologies. It also supports a conference to introduce manufacturers and suppliers to a cross section of practitioners who will share their experiences with and expectations of the uses of corrections technology. o Community-Oriented Policing Technology *APD Intranet/Briefing Stations Arlington (Texas) Police Department Larry Barclay 97-IJ-CX-K005 This grant is developing a system for beat officers to access information through a number of methods, such as computerized briefing stations, electronic mail, and beat inquiries. *Affordable Crime Mapping and Information-Sharing Technology for Community Police Officers New Orleans (Louisiana) Police Department Michael Pfeiffer 97-IJ-CX-K006 This award is developing an affordable crime-mapping and information- sharing technology using touch-screen technology for beat officers and community members. *Algorithmic Image Matching: Police Technology Research and Development Project Santa Ana (California) Police Department Paul M. Walters 97-IJ-CX-K011 This project supports the development of an algorithmic image matching (AIM) system to reduce the time required to search automated mug shot systems. AIM will provide the ability to search mug shot systems based on known facial features of a suspect and compare photographs, sketches, and video images. *Artificial Neural Network System for Classification of Offenders in Murder and Rape Cases Battelle Memorial Institute Jennifer Miles 97-IJ-CX-K007 This grant is developing software for the Washington State Attorney General's Office that can compare unknown murder and rape offenders and their method of operating to the offenders and methods in similar cases on file. *Automation of Local Police Functions New York State Department of Criminal Justice Services Jim Shea 97-IJ-CX-K009 This award is providing the expanded, real-time database access software used by nearly half of New York State's law enforcement agencies, allowing officers to access and add incident and arrest data via laptop computer. *Concealed Weapons and Counterterrorism Detection System Nicolet Imaging Systems Christopher McBee 97-IJ-CX-K016 This award supports the development and testing of an improved portal device to detect contraband. *Demonstration of a Concealed Weapons Detection System Using Electromagnetic Resonances Akela, Inc. Allan Hunt 97-IJ-CX-K013 This project is developing a handheld concealed weapons detection system with potential to detect metal and plastic weapons beneath clothing. *Development of a Neighborhood Problem-Solving System Abt Associates Inc. Marianne Beauregard 97-IJ-CX-K017 This award is developing a neighborhood problem-solving system for Hartford, Connecticut, that will contain databases of city agencies, demographic data, and other community information. *FALCON (Future Alert and Contact Network) Charlotte (North Carolina) Police Department Maureen Brown 97-IJ-CX-K004 This project is developing the Future Alert and Contact Network (FALCON) to predict community problems and allow the beat officer to be more proactive in community policing. *Largo Police Department Wireless Internet Project Largo (Florida) Police Department Brian McKeon 97-IJ-CX-K002 This grant is implementing a wireless remote data and voice communications system to link beat officers, investigators, and the community. Officers will use devices equipped with wireless cellular modems, keyboards, pen-based handwriting software, cellular voice communication, and Web-browsing software, creating a wireless intranet. *Metropolitan Nashville Police Department's Palm Top Project Metropolitan Nashville (Tennessee) Police Department Ken Peace 97-IJ-CX-K003 This project is creating an onsite system for law enforcement officers to conduct up-to-date warrant, arrest history, and stolen vehicle checks; access mug shots; and complete reports onsite and online. *Portable Concealed Weapon Detector Los Angeles County (California) Sheriff's Office Yu-Wen Chang 97-IJ-CX-K015 This research is developing the prototype of a handheld device to detect metal or plastic concealed weapons at a distance of up to 10 feet. *Portable Voice-Command Translation System Integrated Wave Technologies, Inc. A. Robert Sabo 96-IJ-CX-K008 This project is designing and fabricating three voice response translator (VRT) modules that allow officers to identify a subject's language and translate the officers' questions and instructions into that language. *Pursuit Management Task Force Aerospace Corporation Donald Peterson 96-IJ-CX-K007 This multiagency task force studies operational practices and procedures, vehicle stopping technologies, legal and liability issues, policy and doctrine, training, and community acceptance to accelerate the introduction of safer and more effective methods of vehicle pursuit. *Seamless Mobile Law Enforcement Computer Network Virginia Department of State Police John Furlough 97-IJ-CX-K010 This grant is developing an infrastructure in Virginia to seamlessly connect different cellular carriers for voice and data communications. The infrastructure will maximize the coverage area and minimize the cost of transmission. *Software Development for Intelligence Gathering Monroe County (Florida) Sheriff's Office Tyrrell Armstrong 97-IJ-CX-K008 This project is developing and demonstrating a new information gathering strategy that enables police to collect, classify, and analyze data based on geographic location. *Vehicle Stopper Technology Evaluation Program U.S. Department of the Army Edward P. Scannell 96-IJ-CX-A047 This program is testing and evaluating electric/electromagnetic vehicle stopper technologies and concepts. o DNA 5-Year Plan *Chip Based Genetic Detector for Rapid Identification of Individuals Nanogen, Inc. Michael I. Nerenberg 97-LB-VX-0004 This award is applying silicon microchip-based technology to analysis of the variability of chromosomal tandem repeats to permit greater than 99 percent certainty of identity and accelerate development of a fully integrated, portable system. *Creating a Database of Y-Chromosome STR Loci Pennsylvania State University Mark Stoneking 98-LB-VX-0005 This award supports development of a database for seven variable Y- chromosome marker profiles in 1,800 men previously typed for other forensically relevant DNA markers. Development of Capillary Electrophoresis for Application in Forensics DNA Testing Procedure University of Virginia Ralph Allen 93-IJ-CX-0030 This study examines sequence polymorphisms from mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) to answer the questions of genetic variability in racial and ethnic subpopulations. The research also makes improvements to mtDNA sequence databases and evaluates genetic mutation rates. *Development of Criteria for Model External DNA Proficiency Testing University of Illinois, Chicago Joseph L. Peterson 96-DN-VX-0001 This study investigates the feasibility of developing a blind, external DNA proficiency testing program for public and private forensic science laboratories. Development of a Rapid, Immobilized Probe Assay for the Detection of mtDNA Variation Children's Hospital, Oakland Research Institute Kathleen H. Gonzalez 96-IJ-CX-0028 This study is developing a simple and rapid method for typing mitochondrial DNA sequence variation, known as the "reverse dot blot" technique, using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification. *Development of the Human Y Chromosome as a Forensic Tool University of Arizona Michael F. Hammer 97-LB-VX-0010 Development of the human Y chromosome for use as a forensic tool promises to be less complicated than current typing systems and carries low risk of postcollection contamination. *Evaluation of New STR Markers for Forensic Analysis University of Cincinnati Ranjan Deka 98-LB-VX-0002 Researchers are establishing the utility of short tandem repeat (STR) loci in forensic DNA analysis by characterizing a large number of STR loci in well-defined populations of known anthropological and demographic histories. *Forensic Typing of Mitochondrial DNA Using Peptide Nucleic Acid Probes American University James E. Girard 97-LB-VX-0005 This award combines forensic and academic laboratory techniques to develop a powerful alternative to traditional gel electrophoresis. *Improved Analysis of DNA Short Tandem Repeats for Human Identification Genetrace Systems, Inc. Christopher H. Becker 97-LB-VX-0003 This project uses mass spectrometry to achieve a more efficient, less expensive analysis of DNA short tandem repeats than current technology allows. Isolation and Characterization of Population-Specific Alleles University of Pittsburgh Mark D. Shriver 95-IJ-CX-0008 A database is being developed for estimating the ethnic affiliation of unknown suspects by typing a random sample of African-American, Caucasian, and Hispanic residents from Pennsylvania for the identified markers. Massively Parallel DNA Typing by Capillary Array Electrophoresis (CAE) University of California, Berkeley George Sensabaugh 93-IJ-CX-0010 This project adapts the CAE technology to criminal justice DNA testing for a variety of markers, including short tandem repeats, and enables the criminal justice system to rapidly generate large numbers of DNA profiles. *Microchip DNA Fingerprinting Devices Lockheed Martin Energy Research, Oak Ridge National Laboratory J. Michae1 Ramsey 97-LB-VX-A063 This project is developing a "laboratory-on-a-chip" technology to address the common problems in forensic DNA analysis of high cost, lengthy analysis times, and the potential for sample contamination. Mitochondrial DNA Variation in North American Populations of Forensic Interest Pennsylvania State University Mark Stoneking 92-IJ-CX-K040 This project continues a study to type mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in five geographical subpopulations of four groups (Caucasians, African- Americans, Hispanics, and Asians) to determine the extent and forensic significance of mtDNA subpopulation heterogeneity; ascertain whether any significant association exists between mtDNA types and genotypes at other loci used forensically; and increase the size of the mtDNA database. *Rapid DNA Typing by Laser Desorption Mass Spectrometry Lockheed Martin Energy Research, Oak Ridge National Laboratory C.H. Winston Chenn 97-LB-VX-A047 This award supports development of a faster, more cost-effective approach to DNA typing using laser desorption mass spectrometry (LDMS) with improved resolution and sensitivity. *Validation of Pattern Recognition Methods Applied to Forensic Chemical Data University of South Carolina Stephen L. Morgan 97-LB-VX-0006 Forensic analytical methods are being developed and validated using pyrolysis gas chromatography/mass spectrometry coupled with cherometric data analysis. Validation of PCR-Based DNA Typing Databases for Forensic Use University of Texas, Houston Ranajit Chakraborty 96-IJ-CX-0023 This study is developing automated methods of multilocus genotype- frequency computations for PCR-based DNA testing to increase the capabilities of crime laboratories. o Forensic DNA Laboratory Improvement Program The following awards represent an ongoing NIJ effort to enhance the DNA analysis capabilities of State and local crime laboratories across the country. Projects focus on installation and upgrade of laboratory equipment, implementation of a national DNA database, development of faster methods of DNA typing, and training for analysts. *Alabama: Expansion of the Felon DNA Data Bank Program Alabama Department of Forensic Sciences John Hicks 96-IJ-CX-0049 *Alaska: Enhancement of DNA Testing Capabilities Alaska Department of Public Safety, Scientific Crime Detection Laboratory George M. Taft, Jr. 96-IJ-CX-0048 *Arizona: Enhancement of DNA Testing Capabilities City of Tucson Walter Tannert 96-IJ-CX-0032 *Arizona: Forensic DNA Enhancement Project Arizona Department of Public Safety Susan Narveson 96-IJ-CX-0094 *California: Forensic DNA Laboratory Improvement Program California Department of Justice, Bureau of Forensic Services Jan Bashinski 97-IJ-CX-0001 *Charlotte, North Carolina: Forensic DNA Laboratory Improvement Program City of Charlotte Roger Thompson 97-IJ-CX-0016 *Colorado: Denver Forensic DNA Laboratory Improvement Program Denver (Colorado) Police Department Greggory S. LeBerge 98-DN-VX-0010 *Connecticut: Forensic DNA Laboratory Improvement Program Connecticut Department of Public Safety, Connecticut State Police Elaine Pagliaro 97-IJ-CX-0003 *Delaware: Establishment of a Statewide DNA Database with CODIS Capability Delaware Health and Social Services Richard T. Callery 97-DN-VX-0010 *Florida: Forensic DNA Laboratory Improvement Program Florida Department of Law Enforcement Dale Heideman 96-IJ-CX-0095 *Georgia: Enhancement of DNA Typing Georgia Bureau of Investigation George Harrin 96-IJ-CX-0079 *Idaho: Forensic DNA Laboratory Improvement Program Idaho Department of Law Enforcement R. Dan Charboneau 97-DN-VX-0003 *Illinois: Expansion of DNA Analysis Capabilities--Illinois State Police Forensic Sciences Command Illinois State Police, Springfield Susan Hart Johns 96-MU-VX-0020 *Illinois: Northern Illinois Police Crime Lab Forensic DNA Analysis Program Northern Illinois Police Crime Laboratory Jane M. Homeyer 98-DN-VX-0011 *Indiana: DNA STR Evaluation Project Indianapolis-Marion County (Indiana) Forensic Services Agency James E. Hamby 96-IJ-CX-0052, 98-DN-VX-0004 *Kansas: Forensic DNA Laboratory Improvement Program Kansas Bureau of Investigation Eileen Burnau 97-IJ-CX-0015 *Kansas: Forensic DNA Laboratory Improvement Program Sedgwick County (Kansas) and Wichita Police Department Consortium Forrest Davis 96-IJ-CX-0061 *Kentucky: Enhancement of Serological Analysis to DNA Technologies Kentucky State Police Lonnie Moert 96-IJ-CX-0041, 98-DN-VX-0007 *Lousiana: Implementation of DNA Analysis at the Louisiana State Police Crime Lab Louisiana State Police Frank L. Tridico 97-DN-VX-0012 *Louisiana: North Louisiana Crime Lab DNA Analysis Improvement Program North Louisiana Criminalistics Laboratory Patrick W. Wojtkiewicz 98-DN-VX-0003 *Maine: Statewide DNA Laboratory Program Maine Department of Public Safety Timothy D. Kupferschmid 97-DN-VX-0008 *Maryland: DNA Forensic Laboratory Enhancements Anne Arundel County (Maryland) Jane C. Cooke 96-IJ-CX-0038 *Maryland: Forensic DNA Laboratory Improvement Program Maryland Department of Public Safety Louis C. Portis 96-DN-VX-0002 *Massachusetts: State Police-Boston Police DNA Laboratory Improvement Project Massachusetts State Police Kathleen M. Stefani 97-DN-VX-0015 *Michigan: Forensic DNA Laboratory Improvement Program Michigan Department of State Police, Forensic Science Division Frank Schehr 97-IJ-CX-0004 *Minnesota: Development of a PCR Laboratory Minnesota Bureau of Criminal Apprehension Terry Laber 96-IJ-CX-0043 *Mississippi: PCR DNA Analyses Improvement Program Mississippi Department of Public Safety Deborah K. Haller 97-DN-VX-0004 *Missouri: Expansion of DNA Laboratory Program Missouri State Highway Patrol Lori Maloney 96-IJ-CX-0040 *Montana: DNA Identification Project Montana Department of Justice James Streeter 96-IJ-CX-0090, 98-DN-VX-0008 *Nebraska: Forensic DNA Laboratory Improvement Program Nebraska State Patrol John Dietrich 97-DN-VX-0002 *New Jersey: Enhancement of STR Capabilities in the New Jersey Forensic DNA Laboratory New Jersey Division of Criminal Justice, Department of Law and Public Safety Margaret Tarver 96-IJ-CX-0089 *New Mexico: Forensic DNA Laboratory Improvement Program City of Albuquerque Ann Talbot 96-IJ-CX-0039, 98-DN-VX-0009 *New York: Forensic DNA Laboratory Improvement Program New York Division of Criminal Justice Carl M. Selavka 97-IJ-CX-0021 *North Dakota: Forensic DNA Laboratory Improvement Program North Dakota Department of Health Aaron E. Rash 97-IJ-CX-0012 *Ohio: Statewide Consortium DNA Grant Ohio Bureau of Criminal Identification and Investigation Roger Kahn 97-DN-VX-0009 *Oklahoma: DNA Offender Database Oklahoma State Bureau of Investigation Darrel W. Wilkins 97-DN-VX-0011 *Oregon: Validation of STR Typing of Convicted Offender Samples Oregon Department of State Police Cecilia von Beroldingen 97-DN-VX-0013 *Pennsylvania: Forensic DNA Laboratory Improvement Program Pennsylvania State Police Christine Tomsey 96-IJ-CX-0034 *Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania: Forensic DNA Laboratory Improvement Program Allegheny County (Pennsylvania) Department of Laboratories Thomas Meyers 96-IJ-CX-0054 *Rhode Island: Forensic DNA Laboratory STR and CODIS Expansion Rhode Island Department of Health David B. Uliss 97-DN-VX-0005 *South Carolina: State DNA Offender Database Program South Carolina Law Enforcement Division Matthew G. Fitts 97-DN-VX-0006 *Tennesee: Enhancement of the Tennessee Bureau of Investigation Forensic DNA Capabilities Tennessee Bureau of Investigation, Forensic Services Division William Darby 96-IJ-CX-0066, 98-DN-VX-0002 *Texas: Forensic DNA Enhancement Project Texas Department of Public Safety D. Pat Johnson 96-IJ-CX-0084, 98-DN-VX-0001 *Texas: Houston Forensic DNA Laboratory Improvement Program City of Houston (Texas) James Bolding 98-DN-VX-0005 *Texas: Implementation of Automated Multiplex STRs in Forensic Casework County of Dallas (Texas) Timothy J. Sliter 98-DN-VX-0006 *Utah: Enhancement of the DNA Program in the Utah State Criminalistics Laboratory Utah Department of Public Safety, Division of Investigation Pilar A. Shortsleeve 97-DN-VX-0014 *Vermont: Capillary Electrophoresis for Forensic STR Analysis: Validation and Cost-Effectiveness Vermont Department of Public Safety Eric Buel 97-DN-VX-0007 *Virginia: Enhancement of Capability to Analyze DNA Virginia Department of General Services, Division of Forensic Science Deanne Dabbs 96-IJ-CX-0059 *Washington: Forensic DNA Laboratory Improvement Program Washington State Patrol James S. Stuart 97-IJ-CX-0008 *West Virginia: Enhancement of STR Capabilities in the West Virginia State Police Crime Laboratory West Virginia Division of Public Safety Ted Smith 96-IJ-CX-0055 *Wisconsin: Forensic DNA Laboratory Improvement Program Wisconsin Department of Justice Jerry Guerts 97-IJ-CX-0002 o National Law Enforcement and Corrections Technology Centers (NLECTC) *National Headquarters--Rockville, Maryland: NLECTC Aspen Systems Corporation Marc H. Caplan 96-MU-MU-K011, 96-IJ-CX-K001 Northeastern Region--Rome, New York: NLECTC U.S. Air Force, Rome Laboratory/Information Directorate John A. Ritz 95-IJ-CX-A040, 96-IJ-CX-A032 *Rocky Mountain Region--Denver, Colorado: NLECTC University of Denver, Colorado Seminary Jim Keller 95-IJ-CX-K004, 96-MU-MU-K012 *San Diego, California: Border Research and Technology Center U.S. Department of the Navy Space and Naval Warfare Systems Center John Bott Aerospace Corporation Robert M. Pentz Sandia National Laboratories Debbie Spencer and Chris Aldridge 96-MU-MU-K006, 96-IJ-CX-A036, 97-LB-VX-A004 *Southeast Region--Charleston, South Carolina: National Law Enforcement and Corrections Technology Center U.S. Department of the Navy, Naval Electronic Systems Engineering Center Ronald L. Polkowsky 96-IJ-CX-A010, 96-LB-VX-K005 *Southeast Region--Charleston, South Carolina: National Law Enforcement and Corrections Technology Center South Carolina Research Authority Gary A. Mastrandrea 97-MU-MU-K020 Western Region--El Segundo, California: National Law Enforcement and Corrections Technology Center Aerospace Corporation Robert M. Pentz 96-MU-MU-K006 o Less-Than-Lethal Technology *Less-Than-Lethal Technology Policy Assessment Panel SEASKATE, Inc. E.A. Burkhalter 95-IJ-CX-K001, 96-MU-MU-K016 A policy and technology assessment panel is identifying promising law enforcement and corrections technologies from the defense, intelligence, and private sector arenas in the short- and long-terms, as well as best approaches in introducing them to the criminal justice community. *Pepper Spray Projectile Disperser Delta Defense, Inc. Roy Kelly 97-MU-MU-K011 This award supports design and testing of an improved projectile capable of dispersing oleoresin capsicum (pepper spray) for use in hostage, barricade, and tactical assault situations. Public Acceptance of Less-Than-Lethal Technologies Institute for Law and Justice, Inc. J. Thomas McEwen 93-IJ-CX-K012 This study assesses public reaction to the use of new less-than-lethal weapons and related technologies by law enforcement personnel. *Technology Liability Task Group SEASKATE, Inc. E.A. Burkhalter 95-IJ-CX-K006, 96-LB-VX-K006 This award addresses science and the law and assesses and makes recommendations regarding liability issues that might arise from deployment of new technologies. ------------------------------- For Information on the National Institute of Justice, please contact: National Criminal Justice Reference Service P.O. Box 6000 Rockville, MD 20849-6000 800-851-3420 301-519-5500 E-mail: askncjrs@ncjrs.org You can view or obtain an electronic version of this document from the NCJRS Justice Information Center World Wide Web site. To access the Web site, go to http://www.ncjrs.org Other Department of Justice publications noted in this report can be ordered from NCJRS. Most are available free of charge and most can be downloaded from the Justice Information Center Web site. If you have any questions, call or e-mail NCJRS.