Title: NIJ Awards in Fiscal Year 1999. Series: Research in Brief Author: National Institute of Justice Published: National Institute of Justice, April 2000 Subject: Program evaluations; funding resources 78 pages 132,000 bytes --------------------------- Figures, charts, forms, and tables are not included in this ASCII plain-text file. To view this document in its entirety, download the Adobe Acrobat graphic file available from this Web site or order a print copy from NCJRS at 800-851- 3420 (877-712-9279 For TTY users). --------------------------- U.S. Department of Justice Office of Justice Programs National Institute of Justice NIJ Awards in Fiscal Year 1999 National Institute of Justice Research in Brief Jeremy Travis, Director April 2000 Introduction This list presents the grants, interagency and cooperative agreements, contracts, and fellowships awarded by the National Institute of Justice (NIJ) during fiscal year 1999. The awards reflect research, evaluation, training, dissemination, and technical support projects, including those supported by the Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act of 1994 (the Crime Act) and those conducted in partnership with other Federal agencies. An annual open solicitation for proposals invites investigators to initiate research and evaluation in broadly defined topic areas; more focused solicitations are issued throughout the year on specific topics and programs, including those emphasized by the Crime Act. Visit the Web site for announcements of funding opportunities. How to Find a Grant The awards are listed alphabetically by project title within 14 major subject areas (see table of contents, next page). Each award lists the title of the project, the principal contact with affiliation, the dollar amount, and the grant number. For Further Information Visit NIJ on the World Wide Web at http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/nij for online access to this listing and to learn more about NIJ's research activities. For information regarding the funding opportunities resulting from the 1994 Crime Act, contact the Department of Justice Response Center at 800-421-6770. Office of Justice Programs World Wide Web Site: http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov. National Institute of Justice World Wide Web Site: http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/nij. --------------------------- Contents Corrections Courts Crime Mapping Crime Prevention o Crime Prevention, General o Strategic Approaches to Community Safety Initiative Drugs and Crime o Drugs and Crime, General o Arrestee Drug Abuse Monitoring (ADAM) Program o Residential Substance Abuse Treatment (RSAT) Program Information Dissemination and General Support International Research Policing o Policing, General o Community Policing o Corrections and Law Enforcement Family Support Schools Sentencing Technology Development o Officer Protection and Crime Prevention Technologies o Investigative and Forensic Sciences -- Forensics, General -- DNA 5-Year Plan -- DNA Laboratory Improvement Program o Less-Than-Lethal Incapacitation o Communication and Information Technologies o Training and Simulation Technologies o Counterterrorism Technologies o Program Assessment, Policy, and Coordination o Technology Assistance -- Technology Assistance, General -- National Law Enforcement and Corrections Technology Centers (NLECTC) Victimization and Victim Services Violence o Violence, General o Violence Against Women and Family Violence o Firearms Youth o Youth, General Gangs --------------------------- Corrections Assessing Mental Health Problems Among Serious Institutionalized Delinquents California Youth Authority Rudy Haapanen $10,000 1998 CE VX 0024 A mental health assessment tool is being designed to gather information on the mental health status of wards entering State-level institutions. The assessment can be used by practitioners as a classification tool for youthful offender populations. Assessing Suicide Risk & Behaviors Among Incarcerated Inmates University of Kansas Center for Research, Inc. Margaret E. Severson $49,996 1999 IJ CX 0016 The sociocultural factors that affect suicidal thoughts and behaviors among Native American jail detainees are being studied to determine if current suicide screening and intervention techniques are appropriate for identifying suicide risk among incarcerated Northern Plains Indians. Developing Countywide Assessment in Los Angeles County Rand Corporation Susan Turner $87,778 1999 IJ CX K008 This partnership between the Rand Corporation and the Los Angeles Probation Department is testing the predictability of newly developed risk and need assessment instruments. Designed to determine the appropriate levels of service for offenders and predict future program needs, the instruments will be modified, if needed, and an implementation plan will be developed. Effect of Privatization on Juvenile Correctional Institutions University of Maryland College Park Doris MacKenzie $63,899 1999 IJ CX 0061 This study completes a secondary analysis of data collected in a national study of juvenile correctional services to determine the differences between boot camps and traditional facilities. The current project is examining how private-versus public-sector residential facilities differ and whether these differences are related to inmate adjustment during confinement. Evaluation of Hampden County Correctional Centers Abt Associates Inc. Theodore M. Hammett $299,978 1999 IJ CX 0047 An evaluation is being conducted of Hampden County Correctional Center's public health model to determine the rates of infectious diseases and other health problems, the prevalence of high-risk behavior among correctional inmates, and the success of the model in reducing individual high-risk behavior and recidivism and improving clinical outcomes. An Evaluation of Neighborhood-Based Supervision in Washington Washington State University Faith E. Lutze $59,973 1999 CE VX 0007 The Neighborhood-Based Supervision (NBS) program in Spokane, Washington, is being evaluated to determine the recidivism rates of different types of offenders (such as drug, property, and violent offenders), to assess NBS offenders' adaptability to community supervision, and to compare NBS supervision style and services with traditional community supervision. Evaluation of the CHANGE Program & Its Impact on Inmates Ferris State University Shannon M. Barton $49,016 1999 CE VX 0006 Researchers are assessing the efficacy of CHANGE, a new program designed to reduce prison violence, through an evaluation of program implementation and continuity, correctional staff support for rehabilitative efforts, and the degree to which participation reduces designated inmate security levels. Examination of Privatization in the Federal Bureau of Prisons Abt Associates Inc. Douglas McDonald $674,982 1999 IJ CX K018 This study is comparing the institutional performance and costs of a privately operated Federal prison to those of other Bureau of Prisons facilities. The study assesses which operational features of public and private prisons produce desired outcomes and whether differences in operational structure result in observed performance differences. Identifying Effective Correctional Programs for Female Felony Offenders Michigan State University Merry A. Morash $82,114 1996 IJ CX 0021 This award continues a study of gender-specific community programs for serious women offenders. Researchers are looking at the unique program elements and methods that differentiate gender-specific programming from other types and determining which program elements and methods predict positive outcomes. International Assessment of Birth Cohort Research University of North Carolina Charlotte Paul C. Friday $121,117 1999 IJ CX 0048 This award continues a birth cohort study undertaken in Wuhan, China, by the late Dr. Marvin Wolfgang, who sought to replicate a study of delinquency done in the United States. Data and followup interviews are being translated and transferred, with an analysis of identifiable social and economic changes over the time period being studied. Management Practices for Young Inmates in Adult Prison Abt Associates Inc. Dale Parent $299,827 1999 CE VX 0002 This project is assessing various options for supervising juvenile offenders sentenced to adult prisons. Religion & Postrelease Community Adjustment Florida State University Melvina Sumter $19,592 1999 IJ CX 0001 This longitudinal study is exploring the relationship between prisoners, religion, and subsequent adjustment to community life. In particular, researchers are examining how the level of inmate religiousness and the intensity of religious networks affect postrelease community adjustment and whether intervening factors mediate the influence of inmate religiousness on such adjustment. Strategic Threat Group Program Evaluation Arizona Department of Corrections Daryl Fischer $183,146 1999 CE VX 0004 Strategic Threat Group management programs are being evaluated to determine the programs' efficacy in reducing violence and rule infractions among gang members in State prisons and deterring inmates from joining gangs. Telemedicine Technology for Corrections Applications U.S. Department of the Navy, Space and Naval Warfare Systems Center, Charleston Jerry A. Koenig $300,000 1998 IJ CX A014 The purpose of this study is to expand the telemedicine capability in the Bureau of Prisons environment and to assess the utility of telemedicine in a corrections environment. Courts The American Terrorism Study: Patterns of Behavior University of Alabama Birmingham Brent L. Smith $49,964 1999 IJ CX 0005 Researchers are analyzing Federal criminal cases involving persons who were investigated by the FBI for terrorism-related activities from 1990 to 1999 to determine what changes have occurred in the behavior and tactics of American terrorist groups, how Federal investigation and prosecution strategies have responded to such changes, and what the predictors of case outcomes and sentences are. Drug Court Evaluation: Phase II Abt Associates Inc. Terence Dunworth $345,236 1997 DC VX K002 The second phase of Abt Associates' drug court evaluation involves collecting additional data, identifying potential prognostic indicators of clinical relapse and criminal recidivism, and making recommendations for modifying drug court procedures and treatment services to enhance the possibility of successful rehabilitation. Effect of Implementation of Indigent Defense Standard National Legal Aid and Defender Association Scott Wallace $48,221 1999 IJ CX 0049 This project addresses the problems of uneven and poor-quality indigent services by examining types of standards, how the standards were adopted, and enforcement mechanisms. Various other indicators, such as client eligibility, funding levels, and quality of services, are also being considered. Public Opinion on the Courts: National Portrait & Interpretation National Center for State Courts Victor Flango $159,933 1999 IJ CX 0021 This researcher-practitioner partnership is measuring public opinion on contemporary issues such as therapeutic judging, decentralized court facilities, self-representation, and expectations for the courts to educate citizens in their role as potential consumers. The findings will help inform the leadership agenda of State courts in general and the National Association of Court Management's conference in August 2000. Crime Mapping Applications of Geographic Analysis in Parole and Probation University of Maryland Baltimore County Keith Harries $59,488 1999 CE VX 0005 The Division of Parole and Probation is enhancing its analytical self-sufficiency by implementing geographic information system technology. Continuing Development of Crimestat Spatial Statistics Ned Levine & Associates Ned Levine $86,595 1999 IJ CX 0044 This research is developing a second version of Crimestat to provide crime analysts and researchers with improved spatial statistical software. SCRAM: Streamlined Reporting Laramite (Wyoming), City of Bryan Vila $84,614 1999 IJ CX 0027 This pilot study is assessing the feasibility of using the leading forms-recognition software to scan crime incident data directly from police agencies' native incident reports and exporting them to standard MS ACCESS database files. Particular attention is being given to the software's ability to detect and address data errors. A Spatial Analysis of Rural Crime in Appalachia James G. Cameron $113,350 1999 LT VX 0001 The utility of spatial analysis in rural areas is being studied through analysis of crime data in more than 400 counties in Appalachia. Geographic information systems will be used for data visualization and simple relationship mapping; spatial econometric modeling methods will be used to conduct exploratory analysis and confirmatory data modeling. Crime Prevention o Crime Prevention, General Analyzing Variation in Local Life Circumstances & Involvement in Crime Temple University Alex Piquero $19,127 1999 IJ CX 0058 Using data on serious offenders paroled from the California Youth Authority, researchers are assessing the relationship between violent and nonviolent crime and local life circumstances, including alcohol and drug use, marriage and common-law relationships, education, employment, and opportunity to engage in crime. Community Readiness and Intervention Colorado State University Pamela J. Thurman $192,213 1999 WT VX K007 This study is assessing eight rural and two urban Native American communities to determine each community's readiness to address violence against women. Specifically, the study is examining community attitudes toward violence, differences in cultural norms and prevention approaches, and differences in readiness for primary and secondary prevention efforts. Community Safety Law Roger L. Conner, NIJ Visiting Fellow $319,377 1999 IJ CX 0002 Through this project, researchers are defining community safety law (CSL), accelerating the process by which knowledge gained by experimentation and research in this field is spread, exploring how NIJ's research programs can best serve the needs of CSL practitioners, and introducing this new specialty to the law school community. Determining the Effects of Neighborhood Peers and Family Duke University Kenneth C. Land $34,980 1999 IJ CX 0035 Data from the Racine, Wisconsin, 1942 and 1949 birth cohorts are being reanalyzed to determine the impact of social environment including family, peer group, and neighborhood context on individuals' trajectories of offending and to evaluate life-course theory. Evaluating the Impact of Multijurisdictional Task Forces Abt Associates Inc. Terence Dunworth $462,058 1999 DD BX 0034 This award supports a two-phase research project for the Bureau of Justice Assistance, which is developing impact evaluation methodologies that can be used by State planning agencies and others. After impact measures are identified and pilot tested, a detailed task plan for implementing and testing the methodology will be produced. The Jersey City Police Foundation Safe Schools Partnership Police Foundation David Weisburd $258,039 1999 LT VX K018 This award supports development and implementation of a school-based crime-mapping application to determine the prevalence of violent and property crimes in schools, on school grounds, and along student transportation routes. New Estimates of the Cost of Crime: A Hedonic Valuation Vanderbilt University William Alan Bartley $21,825 1999 IJ CX 0006 Using a wide range of data on occupation and salary, housing attributes, local amenities, weather, the environment, teacher-pupil ratios, and crime rates, researchers are performing regressions to obtain a hedonic dollar value that individuals attribute to specific amenities or disamenities in the areas of residence. The relative value that individuals place on reducing certain crimes will then be determined, allowing the cost-effectiveness of different crime prevention strategies to be evaluated. Project on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods Harvard University Felton J. Earls $2,200,000 1993 IJ CX K005 This longitudinal study, which is sponsored jointly with the MacArthur Foundation, is collecting data over an 8-year period on 7,000 children and youths from birth to age 18, their families, and their neighborhoods to trace the development of delinquent and criminal behavior patterns, including substance abuse. o Strategic Approaches to Community Safety Initiative The Strategic Approaches to Community Safety Initiative (SACSI) is a problem-solving, information-driven approach intended to reduce crime in five pilot sites. SACSI enhances the effectiveness of U.S. Attorneys, working in partnership with Federal, State, and local criminal justice agencies, community-based organizations, government agencies, and a research partner. SACSI involves several key steps: forming an nteragency working group, gathering information and amassing knowledge about a local crime problem to understand the problem fully, designing a strategy and intervention to tackle the problem, implementing the interventions, and evaluating and modifying the strategy as necessary. National Evaluation of SACSI University of Illinois Dennis P. Rosenbaum $449,210 1999 IJ CX K013 Indianapolis Target problem: homicide (particularly drug-related homicide) and gun violence. Planning Component Hudson Institute Ed McGarrell $49,993 1999 DD BX K003 Research Component Hudson Institute Ed McGarrell $249,092 1999 IJ CX K002 Memphis Target problem: sexual assault. Research Component Memphis State University Richard Janikowski $249,967 1999 IJ CX K007 New Haven Target problem: gun-related crime and community fear. Planning Component Spectrum Associates Market Research, Inc. Eliot Hartstone $27,854 1999 JN FX K003 Research Component Spectrum Associates Market Research, Inc. Eliot Hartstone $250,000 1999 IJ CX K001 Portland Target problem: youth gun violence, with special attention to 15- to 24-year-olds and the role of alcohol in youth-related violence. Research Component The Reed Institute Stefan J. Kapsch $250,000 1999 IJ CX 0025 Winston-Salem Target problem: violent and assaultive crime committed by youth, age 17 and younger. Planning Component North Carolina Juvenile Justice Council Sylvia Oberle $50,000 1999 DD BX K004 Research Component Wake Forest University Julie B. Cole $249,758 1999 IJ CX K003 Drugs and Crime o Drugs and Crime, General Assessment of a Drug Screening Instrument Texas Christian University Kevin Knight $79,757 1999 MU MU K008 Researchers are analyzing the psychometric properties of the Texas Christian University Drug Screen to determine the instrument's usefulness in assessing drug use severity for treatment referral decisions in correctional settings. A preliminary outcome evaluation will be conducted to determine whether the instrument is predictive of postincarceration arrest. Drug Markets on the Lower East Side of Manhattan John Jay College Research Foundation of the City University of New York Richard Curtis $249,240 1999 IJ CX 0010 This 2-year study is documenting the evolution of illegal-drug markets on Manhattan's Lower East Side. Changes in prices, distribution, crime and violence, consumers, and the criminal careers of distributors are being analyzed, and the impact of law enforcement and community pressure is being evaluated. Drugs, Incarceration, & Neighborhood Life John Jay College Research Foundation of the City University of New York Dina Rose $65,555 1999 CE VX 0008 This project is examining the effect of high levels of prison admissions and releases in specific neighborhoods on ex-offenders, their families, and community residents in Tallahassee, Florida. The goal is to increase the successful reintegration of offenders into community life. Evaluating New Hampshire Department of Corrections Drug Testing Programs University of New Hampshire John Humphrey $164,292 1999 DD BX K009 The effectiveness of drug testing in two statewide programs in New Hampshire is being assessed through a study of recidivism, drug use, and the interactions among offender characteristics, treatment needs, and life context variables. Profiles of offenders most likely to benefit from a drug testing program will be the result. Evaluation of Breaking the Cycle: Florida, Alabama, & Washington Urban Institute Adele Harrell $1,688,276 1997 IJ CX 0013 This supplemental award extends the national evaluation of Breaking the Cycle, a systemwide intervention strategy designed to reduce criminality, improve defendants' social functioning, and ensure the efficient use of criminal justice resources through drug testing, treatment, and monitoring. The evaluation sites include Birmingham, Alabama; Jacksonville, Florida; and Tacoma, Washington. Evolution of Drug Markets Temple University George Rengert $261,047 1999 IJ CX K005 Using spatial analytic techniques, researchers are modeling drug market locations, identifying drug market hot spots and the mix of violent and property crime around different types of drug markets, analyzing the persistence of drug markets over time, and establishing the temporal sequence of neighborhood decline and drug sales. Illicit Drugs: Price Elasticity of Demand and Supply Abt Associates Inc. Terence Dunworth $299,999 1999 IJ CX K004 This research is examining the price elasticity of supply and demand for illicit drugs; estimating costs for the various steps required to produce, transship, and distribute illicit drugs; exploring how costs at low stages of the production and distribution system are passed through to consumers; and developing models for correlating price estimates with antidrug activity. Impact of Alcohol Policies on Incidence of Violent Crime Florida State University David W. Rasmussen $161,127 1999 IJ CX 0041 Controlling for other determinants of violence, this project uses econometric models to measure the effect that policy measures designed to reduce alcohol use or abuse, such as alcohol taxes, dram shop laws, and law enforcement efforts to control drunk driving, have on violent crime. Informal Social Control of Crime in High Drug-Use Neighborhoods University of Kentucky Research Foundation Barbara D. Warner $268,926 1999 IJ CX 0052 The role of culture in community crime prevention is being studied through an examination of the factors related to informal social control in high drug-use neighborhoods, with particular emphasis on the cultural and structural factors that affect informal social control and, subsequently, violent crime. Juvenile Breaking the Cycle Lane County (Oregon) Department of Youth Services Stephen Carmichael $2,000,000 1999 IJ CX K017 The Juvenile Breaking the Cycle Project, a systemwide intervention strategy designed to identify, supervise, and treat drug-using delinquents, reduces delinquent behavior by reducing drug use, improves social functioning, and promotes more efficient use of juvenile justice resources, particularly detention beds. Juvenile Breaking the Cycle Evaluation Research Triangle Institute Richard E. Strowd $699,856 1999 IJ CX 0032 An evaluation is being conducted of Juvenile Breaking the Cycle, a systemwide intervention for drug-involved juvenile arrestees in Lane County, Oregon, to determine program efficacy, participant outcomes, and cost-effectiveness. Substance Abuse, Medication Adherence, & Criminality University of California Los Angeles David Farabee $299,961 1999 CE VX 0003 This research is determining how effective hair assays are in validating antipsychotic medication adherence, whether the degree of adherence differs according to comorbid substance dependence, and what the reasons are for not taking the antipsychotic medications prescribed. Understanding the Nexus Between Alcohol, Drugs, and Crime in Two Indian Communities University of New Mexico Philip A. May $87,625 1999 MU MU 0023 Arrestees in two Indian communities in New Mexico and North Dakota are being examined to determine the commonalities and differences among men and women who are arrested for alcohol and drug-related crimes to develop an understanding of why individuals offend and reoffend. Use & Evaluation of Hair Analysis & Ion Mobility Orleans Parish District Attorney Thomas Mieczkowski $182,362 1999 IJ CX 0018 This research is comparing two approaches to criminal justice system diversion for juveniles: a comprehensive intervention condition involving intensive afterschool treatment, drug monitoring, and case management; and a contingent drug treatment condition involving drug monitoring, case management, and referral assistance. Multiple drug testing technologies are being incorporated to monitor both baseline and continuing drug use. o Arrestee Drug Abuse Monitoring (ADAM) Program Assessing and Improving the Value of ADAM for Drug Policy Rand Corporation Jonathan Caulkins $24,950 1999 IJ CX K006 The usefulness of the information collected through NIJ's ADAM survey instrument is being evaluated. Researchers are exploring the links between the monitoring and modeling functions of the data, suggesting data items that could be added to the core instrument, and describing other information domains to which ADAM could contribute. Monitoring the Marijuana Upsurge With Drug Use Forecasting/ADAM Arrestees National Development & Research Institutes, Inc. Andrew Golub $25,000 1999 IJ CX 0020 Using ADAM/DUF data from 1987 to 1998, this project is analyzing the recent upsurge in marijuana use, particularly among youthful arrestees, and documenting the extent to which marijuana has replaced crack as the popular drug among youth who tend to get in trouble with both drugs and the law. Pathological Gambling in Arrestee Populations University of Nevada Las Vegas Richard McCorkle $137,629 1999 IJ CX K011 The study is exploring how substance abuse and pathological gambling lead to criminal activity by comparing the criminal activity of arrestees with and without pathological gambling disorders and calculating the proportion of crime committed to fund gambling activity or pay off gambling debts. o Residential Substance Abuse Treatment (RSAT) Program 15-Month Process Evaluation of Adult & Juvenile RSAT in Kansas National Council on Crime and Delinquency Michael A. Jones $60,000 1999 RT VX K015 An evaluation is being conducted of the newly created Kansas Department of Corrections' RSAT program for minimum security male inmates and the RSAT program for committed juvenile offenders to determine whether any impediments have prevented program implementation and to assess changes in offenders' attitudes, values, and substance abuse behavior. 24-Month Impact Evaluation of Kansas RSAT Programs National Council on Crime and Delinquency Michael A. Jones $100,000 1999 RT VX K022 Researchers are assessing both the Kansas Juvenile Justice Authority's RSAT program for juvenile offenders and the Kansas Department of Corrections RSAT program for ault inmates to determine the efficacy of the programs in reducing the frequency and prevalence of substance abuse and criminal behavior. Evaluation of the Barrett Juvenile Correctional Center for Juveniles Virginia Commonwealth University Jill A. Gordon $99,380 1999 RT VX K024 Researchers are evaluating the Barrett Juvenile Correctional Center, Virginia, which was established to treat juvenile offenders with a moderate to severe substance abuse problem, to determine the efficacy of this highly structured program that integrates social learning, behavioral, and cognitive theories. Evaluation of Crossroad to Freedom House & Peer I Therapeutic Communities University of Colorado Colorado Springs Kelli J. Klebe $100,000 1999 RT VX K021 and $44,777 1999 RT VX K011 Two programs are being evaluated: the Crossroad to Freedom therapeutic community and the Peer I transitional community in Denver, established for high-risk substance abusers who drop out of the Crossroad program prematurely after they leave prison. The evaluation is identifying the variables affecting retention rates, including severity of substance abuse, personality disorders, severe clinical syndromes, motivation, and readiness for treatment. Evaluation of the Pine Lodge Treatment Program Washington State University Pretha Phillips $99,566 1999 RT VX K001 A multidimensional outcomes evaluation of the Pine Lodge therapeutic program for female offenders is being undertaken to examine whether removing offenders from their environment impedes or improves their treatment progress, determine the availability of aftercare services, and document participant outcomes, including recidivism, substance abuse, job-skill development, employment, and relationships with children. Evaluation of Prison-Based Drug Treatment in Pennsylvania Temple University Wayne N. Welsh $171,684 1999 CE VX 0009 Researchers are evaluating therapeutic community drug treatment programs at four Pennsylvania State prisons, including the effects of variations in program content and structure, the quality of program implementation, and the relationship between inmate characteristics and treatment process and outcomes. Evaluation of the Seeking Safety Substance Abuse and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Treatment Program Butler Hospital Caron Zlotnick $75,251 1999 WT VX 0004 The efficacy, feasibility, and acceptance of a treatment known as Seeking Safety are being evaluated using a sample of incarcerated women with comorbid post-traumatic stress disorder and substance abuse. Four Tier IV Connecticut Department of Corrections RSAT Programs Central Connecticut State University Susan E. Pease $99,402 1999 RT VX K019 The proposed study will evaluate the outcome of four Tier IV RSAT programs at four sites in Connecticut: the Robinson, York, and Osborn Correctional Institutions and the Manson Youth Institution. The goal is to determine the consistency and effectiveness of the Connecticut Department of Correction's highest level of treatment. Georgia Department of Corrections Local Evaluations of RSAT Georgia Department of Corrections Audrey Moffett $60,000 1999 RT VX K008 Georgia's intensive 6-month RSAT program uses a social learning curriculum to prepare selected substance-abusing offenders for parole within 6 to 18 months of their release. This process evaluation of seven such programs is examining inmate substance abuse treatment needs before release, the inmate selection process, program design and resources, program quality, and participation. Impact of an Intensive Continuum of Care for Parole Violators Vera Institute of Justice, Inc. Douglas Young $99,985 1999 RT VX K014 This evaluation of Pennsylvania's two RSAT programs, which target technical parole violators with a history of substance abuse, is comparing how the two RSAT treatment models differ, whether the RSAT programs match the unique needs of this population, and the rates of criminal recidivism. Investigating Gender-Appropriate, Corrections-Based Drug Treatment Programs Delaware Criminal Justice Council Arthur Garrison $48,658 1999 RT VX K016 This project explores the gender appropriateness of the Village-Crest program, a therapeutic community for 300 female inmates in New Castle, Delaware, that includes both an aftercare and work-release component. The goal is to produce a guide for a drug treatment program for female offenders that is sensitive to gender differences. Local Evaluation of Arkansas Therapeutic Community University of Arkansas at Little Rock Debora Laufersweiler-Dwyer $57,611 1999 IJ CX K015 This project is developing a substance abuse risk and needs assessment instrument for inmates in the Arkansas Department of Corrections. The instrument will identify programmatic and systemic factors that affect the efficacy of the Correctional Comprehensive Substance Abuse Treatment Program and create a treatment and needs demographic database for corrections managers and treatment personnel. Local Outcome Evaluation of the RSAT for State Prisoners Massachusetts Executive Office of Public Safety Dian Brensilber $99,925 1999 RT VX K026 An outcome evaluation is being conducted of the Barnstable County (Massachusetts) Sheriff's Department RSAT program, a treatment program that annually serves 120 male and 30 female inmates, to assess recidivism, measure RSAT's role in maintaining treatment-related behavioral change, and determine the relationship between RSAT services and successful community reintegration. New Jersey Evaluation of the RSAT for State Prisoners New Jersey Department of Corrections Mario Paparozzi and Robert McCormack $100,000 1999 RT VX K018 The proposed evaluation will assess the success of the New Jersey Department of Correction's RSAT program. Ohio RSAT Outcome Evaluation Ohio Office of Criminal Justice Services Edward J. Latessa $99,861 1999 RT VX K025 Treatment outcomes are being monitored at three Ohio RSAT programs: a community-based facility for adult males and females, a State-operated institutional treatment center for juvenile males, and a State-operated program for adult males to identify individual characteristics associated with relapse and recidivism and programmatic factors associated with positive treatment outcomes. The Other Way Outcome Evaluation University of Iowa Remi Cadoret $99,554 1999 RT VX K010 An outcome evaluation is being conducted of the Other Way program at the Clarinda (Iowa) Correctional Facility to identify which services are provided to which types of inmates at what cost, measure how well goals are being achieved, and determine whether some clients would be better served by another type of program. Outcome Assessment of Correctional Treatment Texas Christian University Matthew L. Hiller $99,400 1999 RT VX K027 This study is determining whether drug-involved felony probationers who undergo corrections-based therapeutic community treatment at the Dallas County Judicial Treatment Center have lower recidivism rates than a comparable group of probationers who do not participate. This study also is evaluating the cost-effectiveness of residential treatment in community correctional settings. Outcome Evaluation of the Forever Free Substance Abuse Treatment Program University of California Michael Prendergast $100,000 1999 RT VX K003 This research is evaluating the Forever Free Substance Abuse Treatment Program at the California Institution for Women. Participants are being evaluated in terms of their parole performance, drug use, employment, psychological functioning, relationship with their children following release to parole, and other outcome measures. Outcome Evaluation of the Rhode Island RSAT Program Brown University Craig Love $99,874 1999 RT VX K002 This project evaluates the impact of Rhode Island's RSAT program on participant recidivism, drug use and treatment, and work experience; identifies program features and inmate characteristics most closely associated with positive treatment outcomes; and compares this program's outcomes to those of other intervention programs. Outcome Evaluation of the Texas Youth Commission RSAT University of Texas Austin William R. Kelly $89,962 1999 RT VX K009 An outcome evaluation of the Texas Youth Commission's Chemical Dependency Treatment Program is being conducted to measure the treatment progress of participating youth and identify valid predictors of treatment progress and completion. Demographic, socioeconomic, and criminal history data are being compared, and recidivism, compliance with supervision, sobriety maintenance, and other outcome measures are being assessed. Outcome Evaluation of the WAR Program University of New Mexico Paul Gverin $100,000 1999 RT VX K006 This long-term outcome evaluation of We Are Recovering (WAR), a therapeutic community at the Southern New Mexico Correctional Facility, is examining the effectiveness of the program and its reformulated structure and measuring the program's long-term impact on participants. Process Evaluation of Four Tier IV Connecticut Department of Corrections RSAT Programs Bridgeport Futures Initiative, Inc. Susan Pease $58,742 1999 RT VX K012 Four institutions in Connecticut's Tier IV RSAT program are being evaluated to determine the relationship between inmates' readiness to change and their success in treatment, the characteristics of those who do not enroll in the program, the characteristics most closely associated with positive outcomes, and the impact of addiction severity on outcomes. Process Evaluation of Maine's Intensive Residential Therapeutic Community and Transitional Treatment Facility National Development & Research Institutes, Inc. Josephine Hawke $59,959 1999 RT VX K013 This evaluation of the Maine Department of Corrections' Intensive Residential Therapeutic Community and Transitional Treatment Facility is documenting the program's first year of operation, including the treatment process for clients. The evaluation also is profiling the drug use, treatment, and background characteristics of inmates and establishing a database management system. Process Evaluation of New Hampshire Summit House Program University of New Hampshire Suzanne McMurphy $59,995 1999 RT VX K005 This process evaluation of Summit House, a program in two men's facilities and one women's facility, is examining the demographic characteristics of clients and assessing program adaptations to address the differing needs of men and women using the MAPS system, a battery of instruments currently being used in the evaluation of substance abuse treatment programs in 10 countries. Process Evaluation of RSAT Program at Minnesota's Correctional Facility Marquette University Todd Campbell $59,448 1999 RT VX K007 A process evaluation is being conducted for a program for seriously antisocial incarcerated male adolescents. The study will include an assessment of staff members' and residents' expectations, perceptions, and practices. The goal is to enhance the RSAT program and prepare for a subsequent outcome evaluation. Process Evaluation of SARGE A North Carolina RSAT Program National Development & Research Institutes, Inc. Robert Hubbard $59,994 1999 RT VX K017 The North Carolina Department of Correction's State Alliance for Recovery and General Education (SARGE) program is being evaluated to determine the effectiveness of this long-term, individualized, residential chemical dependency treatment. RSAT Program of the New Hampshire Department of Corrections University of New Hampshire Suzanne McMurphy $99,631 1999 RT VX K020 Researchers are assessing the effectiveness of the New Hampshire Summit House Program in reducing substance abuse, reducing offending behavior, and increasing community reintegration of offenders. They also are contributing to the international dialog on substance abuse in correctional settings through two international collaborations. RSAT for State Prisoners Partnership Process Evaluation Boise State University Mary K. Stohr $59,990 1999 RT VX K004 This research is determining whether an intensive, structured therapeutic program for chronic substance abusers and parole violators is likely to reduce recidivism and costs, increase abstinence, or result in measurable behavioral change and whether the program might be enhanced by developing cooperative remedies. State of New Jersey Local Evaluation of RSAT for State Prisoners New Jersey Department of Corrections Mario Paparozzi and Robert McCormack $60,000 1999 RT VX K023 An evaluation is being conducted of the New Jersey RSAT program, which places both inmates and parolees in community-based residential, nonresidential, and parole aftercare treatment programs, to analyze the quality of services. Information Dissemination and General Support Annual Review of Justice Research Castine Research Corporation Michael Tonry $199,113 1992 IJ CX K044 This award supports the development and production of a new volume of Crime and Justice's Annual Review of Justice Research, which summarizes the most significant, policy-relevant information useful to criminal justice policymakers, professionals, and researchers. Committee on Law and Justice Core Support National Academy of Sciences Faith Mitchell $245,000 1998 IJ CX 0030 This grant supports a committee to identify new areas of criminal justice research, assist in resolving scientific controversies, and expand established research. Communicating Research Findings: Assessing the Communication Strategies and Products of NIJ The Gallup Organization Don Beck $249,793 1999 IJ CX 0019 NIJ's communications strategies and products are being evaluated to determine user satisfaction with content, format, and delivery mechanism; ascertain the influence of NIJ products on criminal justice practice; recommend ways to improve satisfaction and increase product effectiveness; and suggest mechanisms for user feedback. Planning Conference for Thematic Crime and Justice Volume on Transnational Crime Castine Research Corporation Michael Tonry $30,672 1999 IJ CX 0039 Scholars from the United States and abroad met to identify key topics in transnational crime, such as human smuggling, currency violations, and organized crime, and such cross-cutting issues as law enforcement response, for a possible future volume in the Crime and Justice series. Publishing the Documents of the Lyon Group of Senior Experts Rule of Law Foundation Sergey Chapkey $79,634 1999 IJ CX 0057 Approximately 150 documents generated by the Lyon Group of Senior Experts in Transnational Organized Crime from the Group of Eight are being published on CD-ROM and on a private Internet channel on the World Justice Information network. International Research Assessing the Fit Between U.S.-Sponsored Training & the Needs of Ukrainian Police Agencies Police Executive Research Forum Dennis Jay Kenney $245,328 1999 IJ CX 0026 This partnership between NIJ and the Police Executive Research Forum is assessing the training and technical assistance needs of Ukrainian law enforcement agencies, reviewing the training assistance being provided, documenting the process by which U.S.-sponsored training is being delivered in the Ukraine, and assessing the impact of the training on both the agencies and officers who receive it. Building the Rule of Law Information Network in Moldova Rule of Law Foundation Sergey Chapkey $245,366 1999 IJ CX 0063 and $154,714 1999 IJ CX 0065 This project is establishing a Web presence for Moldovan criminal justice agencies and legal institutions and developing a body of online materials to enlarge the Rule of Law Foundation Network in Moldova. The purpose is to strengthen the emerging civil rights society in Moldova, promote the rule of law, and introduce more transparency to the Moldovan government. Community-Oriented Policing in Poland John Jay College Research Foundation of the City University of New York Maria Haberfeld $18,951 1999 IJ CX 0042 Community-oriented policing, one of the reforms being introduced into the criminal justice system in Poland, is being evaluated through a combination of self-reports by and interviews of local law enforcement; members of the criminal justice community, including attorneys, probation and parole officers, and correctional officers; and local politicians. Criminal Violence in Russia State University of New York Albany Mark A. Pridemore $34,867 1999 IJ CX 0009 Researchers are developing structural equation models that describe trends over time and space and provide a framework for evaluating explanatory variables. The researchers will compare Russian models with U.S. models through an analysis of unemployment, divorce, mortality, and homicide rates; ethnic and religious composition; migration patterns; and standard-of-living index information. Criminology and Criminal Justice in Post-Soviet Ukraine University of Kansas Center for Research, Inc. Todd Foglesong $49,787 1999 IJ CX 0012 To further NIJ's goal of creating global research partnerships, this project is producing a concept paper that expands American understanding of crime and justice in the Ukraine. The authors will discuss recent political history; crime, law enforcement, and criminal justice issues; related problems such as drug addiction and corruption; and current research. The Internet Studio: Building the Infrastructure Rule of Law Foundation Sergey Chapkey $724,002 1998 IJ CX K004 This program creates an Internet studio to provide the technical infrastructure and develop the in-house technical skills necessary to effectively support NIJ's International Program. Social Organization of Human Trafficking California State University San Marcos Sheldon Zhang $203,977 1999 IJ CX 0028 A collaborative project with researchers in Fuzhou (China) is examining the structure and operation of Chinese human smuggling organizations, including the characteristics of people smugglers; the financial and violent aspects of illegal migration; the relationship between human smuggling, Chinese gangs, and organized crime; and the connection of smuggling to government corruption. A Study of Scope, Character, & Impact of the Phenomenon of Transnational Crime Yuriy A. Voronin, International Visiting Fellow $61,680 1999 IJ CX 0014 A visiting fellow is assembling a virtual library of books, articles, reports, and other materials on transnational organized crime and corruption in the nearly independent states of the former USSR, with special emphasis upon Ukraine. Russian-language material of particular interest to U.S. researchers is being synthesized and abstracted into English. Urban Policing in the Democratic Third World University of Connecticut Frederick P. Roth $15,000 1999 IJ CX 0066 This study is exploring whether, in the 3 decades since independence, a similar pattern of policing was reproduced in Botswana and Mauritius. These countries share similar socioeconomic features, a thriving economy, and a sustained tradition of democratic practices approximate to the Western model. The study seeks to determine whether a class-control strategy of policing emerged commensurate with rational-legal forms of social control. Policing o Policing, General Lessons in Projecting Police Reform Abroad State University of New York Albany David Bayley $74,753 1999 IJ CX 0055 This award supports a literature review on police reform in developed democratic countries, especially the United States. Bilateral and multilateral experience in police reform abroad and efforts by nongovernmental organizations to increase adherence to international standards of human rights also are reviewed. In addition, the award supports the development of a research plan to explore these issues in four countries. North Carolina Highway Traffic Study North Carolina State University Matt Zingraff $397,231 1999 MU CX 0022 This project is investigating whether North Carolina Highway Patrol officers stop minorities on the road at higher rates than whites, what factors motivate highway stops, and how ethnic minorities respond to police stops. The research takes extreme care to produce appropriate baseline comparisons for driving behavior in order to establish how much of the racial disparity in stops is a function of driving behavior and how much is police response to the race of drivers. Police Officer Hiring and Retention Urban Institute Jeffrey Roth $250,000 1999 IJ CX 0011 As part of an ongoing national evaluation of the COPS program, this award supports the Police Officer Hiring and Retention Study, which is documenting the hiring processes of COPS and non-COPS grantees, average officer length of tenure, retention plans, rates of fluctuation, and variation among department types. Potential Sources of Observer Bias in Police Studies State University of New York Albany Richard J. Spano $19,770 1999 IJ CX 0059 Four types of observer bias are being studied to assess the ways in which human error can contaminate observational data of police. Problem-Oriented Policing & Crime Prevention at NIJ Anthony A. Braga $52,189 1999 IJ CX 0023 A manuscript is being written to help criminal justice practitioners understand why problem-solving policing interventions are effective. Topics to be addressed include problem places, repeat victims, and chronic offenders. Policy-relevant criminological theories will be explained specifically for practitioners. Searching for Legal Domination Northwestern University Gail Stein $15,000 1999 IJ CX 0045 This graduate research fellow is developing an experimental model to determine whether some jurors are dominated by the law and how such legal domination distributes along class, race, and gender lines. Social Research Getting It Right for Practitioners & Policymakers Gloria Laycock, NIJ Visiting Fellow $161,999 1999 IJ CX 0050 This project explores how policing research can be made more relevant to both police practitioners and policymakers at the local, State, and Federal levels. The lessons learned should be relevant to other parts of the criminal justice system. o Community Policing Enhancement & Dissemination of Findings of the National Evaluation of COPS Urban Institute Alexandra Ferguson $546,742 1995 IJ CX 0073 and Jeffrey Roth $118,967 1999 IJ CX 0007 This project will update findings of the national Community Oriented Policing Services (COPS) program. Two additional kinds of data are now available: Wave 3 survey information, which covers large agencies' deployment of funded officers and implementation of funded technology, and programmatic site assessments, which provide qualitative descriptions of community policing practice and technology implementation. A presentation of the findings is planned. Longitudinal Evaluation of Chicago's Community Policing Program Northwestern University Wesley G. Skogan $575,764 1994 IJ CX 0046 This supplemental grant continues the longitudinal process and impact evaluation of CAPS, Chicago's community policing program, through analysis of public opinion about the police, neighborhood CAPS activities to increase collective efficacy, officers' attitudes and activities, beat meeting participation, crime hot-spot mapping, and efforts to overcome the lack of involvement in Latino communities. Variation in Community Policing Activities Across Neighborhoods University of Cincinnati Frank James $20,053 1999 IJ CX 0017 This study examines the activities of traditional beat officers and community-oriented police officers in 33 neighborhoods in Cincinnati to determine whether the implementation of community policing in Cincinnati is consistent with theoretical tenets. o Corrections and Law Enforcement Family Support Corrections and Law Enforcement Family Support: Organizational Impacts of Community-Oriented Policing Sacramento County Deputy Sheriff's Association Darryl Petersen $92,030 1999 FS VX 0004 The impact of community policing on local corrections officers in Sacramento, California, is being evaluated through surveys of officers and their spouses and significant others to determine their perceptions of job-related stress. Corrections and Law Enforcement Family Support Program Middlesex (Massachusetts), County of James V. DiPaola $73,041 1999 FS VX 0006 This project offers a comprehensive stress reduction training program to the family members of correctional officers and provides referrals to other stress prevention and intervention services. Corrections and Law Enforcement Family Support (CLEFS) Program Robert P. Delprino, Visiting Fellow $67,235 1999 FS VX 0002 An NIJ visiting fellow is conducting a national survey of benchmark family support services provided by correctional agencies, analyzing the results, compiling a summary of the information gained from all CLEFS grants to date, and serving on the steering committee for the National Symposium on Law Enforcement Families. Development and Evaluation of a Training Program for Officers and Their Spouses Lubbock (Texas) Police Department Dena Morris $99,887 1999 FS VX 0005 A multimodel couples group therapy program is being developed for law enforcement officers and their spouses or significant others. The goal is to reduce stress for officers and their families by increasing adaptive family responses to stressful situations and training peer mentors who can provide ongoing support. Family Support Program New Mexico Department of Corrections Alan Shuman $77,884 1999 FS VX 0001 A comprehensive stress reduction program is being established at the correctional academy in New Mexico to reduce the turnover rate and hours of lost work time due to family and personal problems and burnout. Designed for corrections, probation, and parole officers, the program includes on-site training, distance learning, and counseling. Reducing Correctional Officer & Family Stress Ohio Department of Rehabilitation and Correction Horst Gienapp $100,000 1999 FS VX 0003 This program for correctional officers and their families provides family orientation sessions, mentors for new probationary officers, alternative dispute resolution programs, an informational services hotline and Web site, and a postinvestigation debriefing policy. Schools Security Technologies Guide U.S. Department of Energy, Sandia National Laboratories Mary W. Green $50,000 1997 IJ CX A072 The purpose of this study is to develop a Security Technologies Guide for use by law enforcement officials and public school administrators in determining the appropriateness, cost, and expected effectiveness of applying security technologies in school. Sentencing Dangerousness & Incapacitation: Sentencing Policy in California University of California Riverside Kathleen Auerhahn $7,022 1999 IJ CX 0043 A graduate research fellow is evaluating the efficacy of sentencing reform in California, which in 1994 passed the Nation's most broadly written three-strikes habitual offender statute, to determine whether crime has been reduced through the incapacitation of dangerous offenders. District of Columbia Truth-in-Sentencing Study Urban Institute William J. Sabol $699,960 1998 CE VX 0006 This project is providing the District of Columbia Advisory Sentencing Commission with comprehensive data and research findings on sentencing practices, parole release decisions, and lengths of stay in prison in the District of Columbia prior to implementation of the Truth-in-Sentencing Amendment Act of 1998. Paradoxes of Neutrality Northeastern University Amy Farrell $15,000 1999 IJ CX 0064 Through an analysis of extraordinary family circumstances, this study is exploring what family responsibilities mean, when they become extraordinary, how family responsibility departures are made, whether gender differences vary across judicial circuits, and how these departures are being interpreted in family sentencing. Separating & Estimating the Effects of Federal Sentencing University of Nebraska Omaha Paula Kautt $15,000 1999 IJ CX 0054 This project is assessing the impact of Federal sentencing guidelines and mandatory minimum statutes, which were enacted as part of the Sentencing Reform Act of 1984, on racial disparity in both the Federal courts and correctional system. Survey of Citizen Perceptions Toward Corrections and Sentencing Vanderbilt University Mark A. Cohen $191,719 1999 CE VX 0001 Researchers are conducting a survey to determine citizen preferences toward the sentencing of criminal offenders and to measure the public's willingness to pay the increased correctional costs associated with violent offender incarceration and truth-in-sentencing initiatives. Technology Development o Officer Protection and Crime Prevention Technologies Assessment of Southwest Border States Anti-Drug Information System SEASKATE, Inc. E.A. Burkhalter, Jr. $103,096 1999 IJ CX K012 An evaluation is being conducted of the Criminal Information Sharing Alliance and Southwest Border States Anti-Drug Information System in Arizona, California, New Mexico, and Texas to determine program efficacy, including its management, budget, and oversight functions, and the level of system interoperability among the four States. Demonstration of the Use of an Encapsulated Perfluorocarbon Vapor Taggant to Track and Detect Currency or Contraband Tracer Detection Technology Corporation Jay Fraser $99,727 1999 LT VX K008 Tracer Detection Technology Corporation is developing a delayed release chemical vapor taggant that can be used in a range of law enforcement applications. Electronic Supervision Tools: Improving Practice and Technology Council of State Governments/American Probation & Parole Association Carl Wicklund $108,459 1999 LT VX K001 A process is being developed for assisting manufacturers, service providers, and product and service users in the field of electronic monitoring to enhance the technology's acceptance, use, and effectiveness through research, testing, education, and training. Evaluation of Thermal Imagers for Law Enforcement Operations Raytheon TI Systems, Inc. Frank Bates $50,000 1998 LB VX K001 This award continues support for the development of low-cost, uncooled thermal imaging systems that enable law enforcement and correctional officers to see in the dark. Evaluation of Vehicle-Stopping Electromagnetic Prototype Devices Phase III JAYCOR Defense Sciences Group Duncan Stewart $78,780 1999 LT VX K003 This award funds the development, fabrication, and field testing of an Auto Arrestor Vehicle-Stopping Device. The field test will determine the capability of the Auto Arrestor device to safely and effectively immobilize commercial motor vehicles. ISIS Intelligent Security Integration System Chang Industry, Inc. Barry Bradshaw $203,730 1999 LT VX K024 A low-cost personal distress device is being developed for school personnel that is reliable and easy to use, integrates well with existing security systems, identifies the caller and the location of the caller, and can be installed and integrated in phases to maximize school districts' limited budgets. Preliminary Evaluation of Technology to Deliver Pepper Spray via a Ring Airfoil Projectile Chemical Delivery Systems, Inc. Victor Crainich $99,700 1999 IJ CX K019 A commercially available pepper powder, which could be used in the ring airfoil projectile being developed by NIJ, is being analyzed to determine its safety and effectiveness. A Proposal to Develop a Software Tool for Enhancing School Safety Abt Associates Inc. Terence Dunsworth $214,588 1999 LT VX K017 Geographic information system software is being developed and implemented to assess school safety in terms of time and space; provide time-trend analysis and tabular reports; and reconcile measures of school safety, such as school incident records, police crime reports, and student and staff victimization data. Public Acceptance of Police Technologies Institute for Law and Justice, Inc. Thomas McEwen $99,859 1993 IJ CX K012 This project gathers data from citizen review boards, community-based advocacy groups, public interest groups, big-city crime commissions, and other organizations to assess public acceptance of law enforcement and corrections technologies and to identify significant legal, social, and political issues. Racine Security Management Project Racine Unified School District Karen Albeck $100,358 1999 LT VX K013 A security system is being installed at a large urban high school to demonstrate that cost-effective daily safety and security can be achieved that preserves the dignity of students, staff, and visitors; allows immediate emergency exit from the school; and provides immediate information about who is in the school building. Ring Airfoil Projectile System for Less-Than-Lethal Application Guilford Engineering Associates, Inc. David Findlay $299,182 1997 IJ CX K019 This effort aims to develop a handheld ring airfoil projectile prototype launcher with a disposable delivery cartridge and a reusable firing device. ROAD SENTRY Vehicle-Stopping Prototype Electrostatic Discharge Device Non-Lethal Technologies, Inc. David Pacholok $12,370 1999 LT VX K005 This award funds the fabrication and field testing of an Auto Arrestor Vehicle-Stopping Device. The field test will determine the capability of the Auto Arrestor device to safely and effectively immobilize commercial motor vehicles. Safe School Technologies Mei Technology Company William Walsh $150,000 1999 LT VX K015 Interactive scenario-based simulations are being developed to train school personnel to deal with problem situations in the schools. School Security Pilot Program U.S. Department of Energy, Sandia National Laboratory Mary W. Green $100,000 1999 JS FX A082 The U.S. Department of Energy is supporting a School Security Pilot Program in the State of Texas that will enable schools to determine the most effective school security systems. Southwest Border States Anti-Drug Information System Criminal Information Sharing Alliance Glen Gillum $8,899,376 1997 LB VX K009 This project's final phase improves the network's performance and extends the system to critical law enforcement agencies in Arizona, California, New Mexico, and Texas. Technical Support for the Concealed Weapons Detection (CWD) and Through the Wall Surveillance (TWS) Programs and the Interferometric Impulse Radar Study U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory Information Directorate David Ferris $1,577,000 1998 MU MU A062 This award provides for technical oversight of the development of technologies under the CWD and TWS programs and conducts an interferometric impulse radar study and an analysis of the applicability of pulsed fast neuron to law enforcement applications. Voice Command Mobile Phone Technology for Community Policing Integrated Wave Technologies, Inc. John H. Hall $168,549 1999 LT VX K007 The Alexandria, Virginia, Police Department is testing the functionality of 25 voice-recognition cellular phone caddies to determine whether the hands-free, eyes-free technology increases vehicle operator safety. o Investigative and Forensic Sciences Forensics, General Development of a PCR-Based Forensic Typing System for Genetic Individualization of Domestic Cats National Institute of Health, Laboratory of Genomic Diversity Barbara Holder $265,570 1999 IJ CX A079 The National Institute of Health is creating a population genetic database of domestic pure and mixed-breed cats. The identification of an individual pet or other animal may provide the critical piece of information in a criminal investigation and prosecution. Firearms Identification System (FIS) Department of Defense, Office of Special Technology James Lawrence $150,000 1999 LT VX A065 This award supports Department of Defense oversight of the development of the Royal Canadian Mounted Police FIS database (a searchable CD-ROM including text and digitized images), which assists the law enforcement community in the identification of firearms for administrative, forensic, or investigative purposes. Fluorescence Imaging Tools for Law Enforcement U.S. Department of Energy, Sandia National Laboratories David R. Sandison $100,000 1997 LB VX A071 This award is developing a new set of fluorescence imaging tools for crime scene investigation, forensic medical examinations, fingerprint analysis, and materials identification, which can operate under normal lighting conditions. Fourth International Conference on Forensic Statistics North Carolina State University Mitzi Sheridan $20,000 1999 IJ CX K016 The Fourth International Conference on Forensic Statistics, held in winter 1999, brought together forensic scientists, attorneys, statisticians, and scholars to discuss how statistical models impact administrative, judicial, and legislative proceedings. Handwriting Identification: Research to Study Validity of Individual Handwriting & Development of Computer-Assisted Procedures State University of New York Buffalo Sargur N. Srihari $428,328 1999 IJ CX K010 Researchers are determining the scientific validity of handwriting individuality by measuring spatial features, quantifying their presence, and conducting spatial analysis such as clustering. They also are developing standardized, validated procedures for comparing handwriting. The goal is to bring computer methods of document analysis and recognition to the task of forensic document examination. Medicolegal Death Investigator Guidelines and Training Project Occupational Research and Assessment, Inc. Steven C. Clark $276,750 1998 LB VX 0007 This project is validating the national guidelines developed for both training death investigators and conducting death investigations, identifying which guidelines need to be revised based on jurisdictional issues, and developing national training strategies and a prototype CD-ROM/Internet training package. National Auto Image Database Federal Bureau of Investigation Richard Voder Bruegge $150,000 1999 LT VX A101 This award supports the creation of a Digital Automotive Information System consisting of a database for the storage and retrieval of automotive information and images as the primary element of the National Automotive Image File. National Center for Forensic Science University of Central Florida Carrie Whitcomb $1,077,874 1998 IJ CX K003 This award continues funding for the National Center for Forensic Science, which provides technical assistance to the forensic science and law enforcement communities in the areas of fire and explosion debris through scientific research, development of protocols, and development of an electronic resource library and distance learning modules. Reflective Imaging and Processing of Fingerprints Albuquerque, City of John Krebsbach $40,000 1999 LT VX K014 Using both laboratory and crime scene tests, Sandia National Laboratories is validating an alternative imaging source suitable for use in ambient daylight environments. Support to the 15th Meeting of the International Association of Forensic Sciences International Association of Forensic Sciences Barry A.J. Fisher $100,000 1998 LB VX 0011 Participants at this meeting learned about the latest research in the forensic sciences, observed demonstrations of the newest technology and instrumentation, and networked with their colleagues in the international forensic community. Teleforensics Applications National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Goddard Space Flight Center Jacob I. Trombka $140,000 1999 LB VX A007 This award allows for the evaluation of hardware and software that can be used in proof-of-principle demonstrations of remote forensic investigations by crime scene investigators using space exploration technologies. Teleforensics Demonstration Project: Phase II New York State Police, Forensic Investigative Unit Captain Gerald M. Zeosky $197,000 1998 IJ CX A051 This award supports the continuation of the Teleforensic Demonstrations in the laboratory and at the Mock-Crime Scene. DNA 5-Year Plan Chip-Based Genetic Detector for Rapid Identification of Individuals Nanogen, Inc. Tina Nova $799,692 1997 LB VX 0004 This award continues development of a highly discriminating, rapidly processing microchip and microchip analysis device capable of forensic DNA analysis using the FBI's CODIS (Combined DNA Index System)-approved short tandem repeat (STR) DNA markers. Database With 5,000 New Human mtDNA Sequences Federal Bureau of Investigation Joseph DiZinno $300,000 1999 LT VX A100 The Federal Bureau of Investigation will develop and analyze 1,500 mitochondrial DNA profiles from a sample of 5,000 individuals, thereby leveraging resources within the FBI to help State and local DNA labs. Development of DNA-Based Identification Techniques for Forensic Entomology, Phase 2 University of Alabama Birmingham Jeffrey Wells $115,366 1999 IJ CX 0034 Investigators are developing a database of forensically important North American insects differentiated by mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) markers to estimate the time since death, or postmortem interval, in homicide investigations and other deaths. Development of New Analytical Buffer Systems for the Separation and Analysis of PCR-Amplified DNA Ohio University Bruce McCord $165,278 1999 IJ CX K014 This project is enhancing the performance of capillary electrophoresis instruments for forensic investigations by improving buffers and coatings for capillary columns, enhancing injection methods, and improving sample stacking methods. The data generated by these developments will help to elucidate the mechanisms responsible for capillary failure. Development of Rapid, Immobilized Probe Assay for the Detection of mtDNA Variation Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute Kathleen H. Hogue $355,589 1996 IJ CX 0028 This study is developing a simple and rapid method for typing mitochondrial DNA sequence variation using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification. This method, called the reverse dot blot technique, is based on the analysis of PCR-amplified DNA using immobilized sequence-specific oligonucleotide probes. Discrimination of Forensic Glasses via Trace Element Analysis by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry U.S. Department of Energy, Lockheed Martin Energy Research, Oak Ridge National Laboratory Scott A. McKenney $158,942 1997 MU MU A077 The U.S. Department of Energy is refining and demonstrating trace element analysis by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry in order to provide a higher level of discrimination for glass samples. The DNA Commission U.S. Department of Justice, Executive Office for U.S. Attorneys Roslyn Young $105,800 1999 IJ CX A033 This grant provides NIJ with Assistant U.S. Attorney Christopher Asplen, who will continue to serve as the executive director of the DNA Commission. Evolution of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNP's) for Human Identification Use University of Texas Houston David N. Stivers $103,056 1998 LB VX 0010 The statistical properties of SNP's are being studied to develop measures to estimate a DNA profile when the markers used may be genetically linked. Forensic DNA Typing Using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography American University Cathy Samuels $54,996 1999 IJ CX 0033 New protocols are being created for the analysis of forensic DNA markers using a simple, standard method of biochemical analysis, high-performance liquid chromatography, to produce a result in under 30 minutes. Identification and Analysis of Polymorphic Alu Repeats Louisiana State University Medical Center, School of Dentistry Mark Batzer $257,534 1999 IJ CX K009 This project is identifying and characterizing 20 to 40 new polymorphic Alu insertions and developing a corresponding PCR multiplex appropriate for forensic evidence samples. The chromosomal location of these markers is being identified and the geographic distribution of the new markers discovered as an indication of the ethnicity of the sample. Microdevice for Automated, Ultra-High-Speed, and Portable DNA Forensics Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research Daniel J. Ehrlich $899,110 1998 LB VX K022 This project is developing a miniaturized gel electrophoresis system on a silica microchip for typing forensic DNA markers (STR's) that will be up to a hundred times faster than other such devices. Validation of PCR-Based DNA Typing Databases for Forensic Use University of Texas Houston Ranajit Chakraborty $96,704 1996 IJ CX 0023 This project is developing automated methods of multilocus genotype-frequency computations for PCR-based DNA testing, which will allow crime laboratories to check DNA allelic independence within and among loci, study DNA allele frequency similarity and dissimilarity between populations, and estimate the degree of kinship between individuals within databases. DNA Laboratory Improvement Program The following awards represent an ongoing NIJ effort to enhance the DNA analysis capabilities of State and local crime laboratories across the country. Projects focus on installation and upgrade of laboratory equipment, implementation of a national DNA database, development of faster methods of DNA typing, and training for analysts. Development of a Database to Help in Solving Sexual Assault Cases for Which There Is No Suspect North Louisiana Criminalistics Laboratory Patrick W. Wojtkiewicz $136,855 1999 DN VX 0015 The North Louisiana Criminalistics Laboratory is developing a database of local arrestees and nonsuspect sexual assault cases that can be linked to the national CODIS database. Development and Implementation of West Virginia STR CODIS Database Marshall University Research Corporation Terry W. Fenger $2,000,000 1998 DN VX K001 This grant enables West Virginia to establish a statewide DNA STR database to be implemented and maintained by the Marshall University CODIS Laboratory in collaboration with the West Virginia State Police. DNA Data Bank of Convicted Felons for Specified Crimes in Puerto Rico Institute of Forensic Sciences Lyvia A. Alvarez $407,048 1999 DN VX 0005 A newly established laboratory is purchasing equipment, supplies, and staff training in DNA STR analysis methods, developing and evaluating databanking procedures, and starting operation of the FBI's CODIS database. DNA Improvement Project Wisconsin Department of Justice Jerry Geurts $660,760 1999 DN VX 0016 The Wisconsin Crime Laboratory System is expanding its DNA STR analysis capabilities to facilitate information sharing through CODIS. DuPage County Forensic DNA Laboratory Improvement Program DuPage (Illinois) County Sheriff's Department Douglas Saul $72,473 1999 DN VX 0004 This award funds the purchase of DNA STR equipment and supplies that will enhance the capabilities of the DuPage County Crime Laboratory for casework and for CODIS database testing. Enhancement of the DNA/CODIS Program in the Utah Bureau of Forensic Services Utah Department of Public Safety Criminalistics Laboratory Pilar Shortsleeve $117,805 1999 DN VX 0011 A comprehensive State database of convicted offenders is being created by the Utah Bureau of Forensic Services through analysis of backlogged and newly submitted offender samples for CODIS and for regular and systematic analysis of nonsuspect cases. Enhancement of STR Capabilities New Hampshire Department of Safety Melisa A. Weber $44,123 1999 DN VX 0006 The New Hampshire State Police Forensic Laboratory is implementing DNA STR testing capabilities by purchasing CODIS hardware and software, obtaining STR kits for validation studies, and training analysts in STR analysis methods. Equipment and Training for DNA Evidence Analysis Charlotte, City of Roger Thompson $43,800 1997 IJ CX 0016 The Charlotte-Mecklenburg Police Department Crime Laboratory is developing its local DNA typing capabilities by implementing DNA STR analysis. Establishment of DNA PCR/STR Analysis Facility With CODIS Site Baltimore, City of Edgar F. Koch $271,128 1999 DN VX 0008 This award is establishing a DNA testing facility with STR analysis capability in the Baltimore City Police Department Laboratory Division. Expand Felon DNA Databank Program for State of Alabama Alabama Department of Forensic Sciences Elaine Scott $247,300 1998 DN VX 0021 This award supports the Alabama Department of Forensic Sciences in the development, evaluation, and implementation of efficient, cost-effective methods of collection and storage of felon samples; and in the implementation and evaluation of rapid, reliable STR technology for analysis of felon and forensic casework. Expansion of DNA Services North Carolina Department of Justice Mark S. Nelson $493,180 1999 DN VX 0002 The North Carolina State Bureau of Investigation is expanding its convicted offender DNA STR database through the purchase of a second FMBIO II analysis instrument and the analysis of 8,000 offender samples by an outside contractor to reduce the backlog and increase the number of CODIS hits. Expansion of Statewide DNA Typing Capabilities Colorado Bureau of Investigation Kevin Humphreys $269,932 1999 DN VX 0014 The Colorado Bureau of Investigation is expanding its DNA STR analysis capabilities to provide more efficient statewide user services on more types of cases, including those without suspects. The expansion will reduce the current backlog of DNA samples and facilitate information sharing through CODIS. Forensic DNA Laboratory Expansion St. Louis Metropolitan Police Department Harold R. Messler $141,009 1999 DN VX 0012 The St. Louis (Missouri) Metropolitan Police Department is expanding its capacity for DNA STR testing and for participation in CODIS through the purchase of both hardware and software. Forensic DNA Laboratory Improvement Program: Implementation of STR Analysis Harris County (Texas) Medical Examiner's Office Joseph Mathew $124,090 1999 DN VX 0013 The Harris County Medical Examiner's Office DNA Laboratory is establishing STR capabilities both to expand its DNA services to the 75 law enforcement agencies served in and around the county and to facilitate participation in CODIS. Improvement of Capability to Analyze DNA Virginia Department of Criminal Justice Services Deanne F. Dabbs $250,000 1998 DN VX 0018 This award enables the Virginia Department of Criminal Justice Services to purchase additional equipment and supplies to expand its Division of Forensic Science laboratories. Improvement and Expansion of Forensic DNA Analysis Philadelphia Police Department Thomas Banford $193,266 1999 DN VX 0009 DNA typing capabilities are being expanded and improved in Philadelphia through implementation of STR analysis in casework, purchase of equipment and supplies, training of analysts, and coordination with the Pennsylvania State Police to develop a statewide strategy for sharing DNA data. Improvement and Expansion of the Pennsylvania State Police DNA Laboratory Pennsylvania State Police Christine S. Tomsey $302,016 1999 DN VX 0001 This award continues support for the Pennsylvania State Police, which is developing and analyzing STR's on convicted offender samples for the State database, expanding STR testing for casework and nonsuspect cases in the Bethlehem and Greensburg DNA laboratories, and updating the CODIS database equipment in the Bethlehem laboratory. Increasing DNA Sample Throughput: Enhanced Specimen ID and Processing Coupled With STR Analysis Vermont Department of Public Safety Eric Buel $60,000 1997 DN VX 0007 This supplemental award continues studies of capillary electrophoresis for DNA analysis, and it validates and implements STR analysis for casework and offender database testing using the CODIS core loci. Kansas Forensic DNA Laboratory Improvement Program Kansas Bureau of Investigation Sidney Schueler $201,672 1997 IJ CX 0015 This award continues support for implementation of STR typing techniques that will provide better information to criminal investigators and will allow Kansas to participate in the CODIS database. Activities include STR training for laboratory staff, supplies for STR validation studies, and STR analysis of backlogged offender samples. Louisiana State Police DNA Analysis Improvement Program Frank L. Tridico $259,895 1997 DN VX 0012 This supplemental award to the Louisiana State Police focuses on conversion from silver staining to higher throughput, semiautomated STR technology using the 13 CODIS core loci, STR training for analysts, equipment procurement and validation, and protocol development. Massachusetts State Police/Boston Police DNA Laboratory Improvement Project Massachusetts State Police Carl M. Selavka $387,930 1997 DN VX 0015 This award enables the State of Massachusetts to acquire DNA testing equipment, validate restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methods, train analysts, generate a population database of DNA profiles, purchase commercial proficiency tests, and commence DNA testing of casework and convicted offender samples. Montgomery County Police Department DNA/Serology Laboratory Project Montgomery County Department of Police Richard P. Gervasoni $76,682 1999 DN VX 0003 This award funds the purchase of DNA STR kits and laboratory supplies and CODIS hardware, which will allow the laboratory to reanalyze unsolved cases from the past 10 years and to be networked into the FBI's CODIS database. Nebraska DNA Identification Laboratory II Nebraska State Patrol John Dietrich $95,031 1997 DN VX 0002 This supplemental award continues development of DNA analysis capability in Nebraska, purchase of laboratory equipment, training for serologists, and coverage of expenses associated with the implementation of DNA technology in forensic cases. New York Statewide Integrated DNA Program New York State Division of Criminal Justice Services Kenneth J. Konzak $600,000 1997 IJ CX 0021 This supplemental award supports continued expansion of DNA testing to cover a wider geographic area within New York State and provide faster service; full implementation of STR technology, including the 13 CODIS core loci; and procurement and installation of CODIS equipment in all DNA labs throughout the State. North Dakota Department of Health Crime Laboratory Division DNA Project North Dakota Department of Health Hope R. Olson $33,858 1998 DN VX 0030 This award is assisting the North Dakota Department of Health's Crime Laboratory Division with establishment of DNA testing capabilities in the State laboratory and of a database of convicted sex offenders. Northern Illinois Police Crime Lab Forensic DNA Analysis Program Northern Illinois Police Crime Laboratory Reena Roy $171,218 1998 DN VX 0011 This award enables the Northern Illinois Police Crime Laboratory to begin typing the 13 core loci specified for the FBI's CODIS and provides the hardware, software, and training necessary to implement CODIS in the lab to complement the existing State network. Offender Core Loci Analysis Program Indiana State Police Paul B. Misner $202,032 1999 DN VX 0007 The Indiana State Police is hiring a subcontractor to complete analysis of Indiana's backlog of 17,000 convicted offender DNA samples using all core loci required for CODIS. Ohio Statewide Consortium DNA Grant Ohio Attorney General Bureau of Criminal Identification & Investigation Roger Kahn $375,155 1997 DN VX 0009 Funding for analyst training, laboratory equipment and supplies, and facilities renovations is being provided to 11 crime laboratories in Ohio to upgrade the level of service and begin testing of nonsubject cases. Phoenix Police Department DNA Analysis Enhancement Program Phoenix Police Department Susan D. Narveson $344,000 1999 DN VX 0017 The Phoenix (Arizona) Police Department Laboratory Services Bureau is purchasing laboratory equipment and supplies to expand STR testing capabilities, providing analyst training and education, and outsourcing analysis of backlogged nonsuspect casework samples. Prince George's County Police Department DNA/Serology Laboratory Project Prince George's County Government Michael Ricucci $56,137 1998 DN VX 0028 This award supports enhancement of the capabilities of the Prince George's County Police Department DNA/Serology Laboratory. The county is providing training in and validation and implementation of STR analysis methods, establishing aquality assurance program, and integrating the laboratory into the FBI's CODIS database. Rhode Island Forensic DNA/Robotics Laboratory Improvement Project Rhode Island Department of Health David B. Uliss $128,649 1999 DN VX 0010 The State of Rhode Island is upgrading its capabilities by automating the preparation and analysis of convicted offender and population database samples, upgrading its CODIS hardware and software, and training analysts. South Carolina State DNA Offender Database Program South Carolina Law Enforcement Division Matthew G. Fitts $3,000,000 1997 DN VX 0006 The South Carolina Law Enforcement Division is upgrading its DNA laboratory facilities, computer systems, and testing equipment to accommodate increased case and sample volume. Analysts are being trained in STR technologies and validation studies, and backlogged offender samples are being profiled and entered into the FBI's CODIS. Validation and Implementation of PCR-STR Analysis and CODIS Site Establishment Baltimore County Police Department Karen L. Irish $56,181 1998 DN VX 0015 This award supports improvement and expansion of the capabilities of the Baltimore County Police Department's forensic laboratory to conduct DNA testing by expediting the validation of STR methodologies and to facilitate the exchange of information with other law enforcement agencies through CODIS participation. o Less-Than-Lethal Incapacitation Applicability of Nonlethal Weapons Technology in Schools DynMeridian Corporation Michael Heaney $80,846 1999 LT VX K023 Researchers are studying the applicability of less-than-lethal technology in school settings to determine whether these operational approaches could make a significant and cost-effective contribution to the safety and security of U.S. schools. Biomechanical Assessment of Nonlethal Weapons Wayne State University Cynthia Bir $49,935 1998 LB VX K017 This project will establish the probability of injury when a person is hit in the face with a blunt-impact projectile. Biomechanical Assessment of Nonlethal Weapons Wayne State University Cynthia Bir $148,447 1998 LB VX K017 This project will validate a biomechanical surroge to determine probability of injury when a person is hit in the chest with a blunt-impact projectile. o Communication and Information Technologies Adaptive Surveillance: A Novel Approach to Facial Surveillance for CCTV Systems Visionics Corporation Kirsten Rudolph $246,146 1999 LT VX K020 A robust surveillance software program using real-time face recognition technology is being developed to improve the signal-to-noise ratio of video faces and thereby minimize the effect of lighting, shadows, pose, and viewing condition on facial recognition performance. Advanced Generation of Interoperability for Law Enforcement (AGILE) U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory Information Directorate Jack Mineo $1,591,950 1999 LT VX A034 The U.S. Air Force is developing a systems integration method linking ALERT technology, the Alexandria Mobile Computing Project, Hand Held Units, and other departmentwide strategies to create a seamless communications infrastructure and perform criminal intelligence and operations information needs analysis. AGILE Executive Forum Coordination International Association of Chiefs of Police G. Matthew Snyder $49,875 1999 LT VX K012 The International Association of Chiefs of Police is providing support to the AGILE (Advanced Generation of Interoperability for Law Enforcement) Executive Forum, a group of experts from a variety of public service agencies, which is exchanging information on evolving technology acquisition, development, and deployment and on technology interoperability issues. Bringing the Dispatcher to the Scene With Panoramic Imaging and Remote Video Transmission InterScience, Inc. Jeffrey Beckstead $72,850 1999 IJ CX K020 This project is developing a functional, car-top panoramic imager for law enforcement applications and a detailed design of a remote digital video recorder and transmitter capable of operating over cellular or radio communication channels. Central New York Law Enforcement Network Air Force Research Laboratory Information Directorate Jack Mineo $1,000,000 1999 IJ CX A043 This award helps acquire the necessary information technologies to enable the modernization of the computer/communications infrastructure of the criminal justice community of central New York. COPLINK Database Integration and Access for a Law Enforcement Intranet Tucson, City of Jennifer Schroeder $230,176 1997 LB VX K023 The Tucson Police Department and the University of Arizona have formed a partnership to conduct research on integrated justice information database and management, secured Intranet server and transaction processing, and cost-effective graphical remote information access functions. The goal is to improve criminal justice database access using affordable, state-of-the-art technologies. Development of a Voice Translator for School Police Language Systems Inc. Christine Montgomery $150,000 1999 LT VX K025 Software is being developed to capture the context of speech onto electric forms. The software will incorporate CopTrans, a prototype voice translation system that translates English into Spanish or the reverse. Establish and Publish a Suite of Very Narrow Band 6.25 KHz Standards Association of Public Safety Communications Officials International, Inc. Craig M. Jorgensen $100,000 1997 LB VX K002 This award supports the second phase of the Association of Public Safety Communications Officials International project to create and publish a suite of very narrow band 6.25 KHz standards and wideband, high-speed, radio frequency mobile data network standards. Innovative Spatial Phase Video Sensor Enhancements Photon-X Blair Barbour $74,625 1999 LT VX K016 This award is demonstrating the utility of an innovative polarized video sensor that will enhance the collection of information by law enforcement agencies by improving current video sensor deficiencies in areas such as biometrics (facial recognition); low-light-level TV; shadow penetration; surveillance, reconnaissance, and security; crime scene forensics; drug trafficking; and border patrol. Law Enforcement Data Mining Using the Baltimore/Washington High-Intensity Drug Trafficking Area University of Maryland College Park Thomas H. Carr $1,421,816 1999 LT VX K010 Using data mining-based analytical tools developed for the intelligence community, this project uses the University of Maryland's Baltimore/Washington High-Intensity Drug Trafficking Area program as an initial test site in the management of large volumes of data conversion and the development of a full-text search and retrieval system. Real-Time Computer Surveillance for Crime Detection University of Maryland College Park Larry Davis $124,229 1999 LT VX K019 This project is developing and demonstrating a real-time visual surveillance system for 24-hour-a-day, 7-day-a-week monitoring of the campus recycling station. The system uses high-quality video to acquire pictures of faces and license plates and to alert campus police to illegal activity. Software Radio Interoperation Device Vanu, Inc. Andrew Beard $291,469 1999 LT VX K009 A prototype programmable software radio device is being designed and tested to allow law enforcement and other public safety officials to interoperate efficiently and effectively regardless of radio system compatibility. Surveillance Tools for Safer Schools Indiana University Indianapolis Herb Blitzer $399,916 1999 LT VX K011 The Institute for Forensic Imaging, in coordination with the Naval Surface Warfare Center, is developing improved tools, systems concepts, and methods for utilization of surveillance technologies to enhance school security. o Training and Simulation Technologies Explosives Detection and Remediation Research and Evaluation U.S. Department of Defense, Office of Special Technology Jeffrey David $1,510,000 1997 DT CX A068 This award will provide funding for the following projects: Chemical Individual Sampler, Chemical/Biological (C/B) Containment and Mitigation of C/B Countermeasures, Explosive Ordinance Demolition Suit, and Exploration of New C/B Defense Technologies. Incident Command Operations Exercise U.S. Army Training and Doctrine Command Analysis Center Mel Parish $30,000 1999 LT VX A057 This award helps provide simulation support for San Bernardino County Sheriff's Department Operations Center Command and Control Exercise using Janus, a high-resolution simulation used within the existing program of instruction of the Sheriff Department's Incident Command operation class. Kentucky Advanced Technology Tools for Law Enforcement Eastern Kentucky University Pamela Collins $1,250,000 1999 LT VX K006 This project is developing computer-based training modules that provide an alternative to classroom training. Course topics include the collection of DNA evidence, officer ethics, school safety, and survival Spanish. Law Enforcement Technology Dissemination and Training Eastern Kentucky University James Thurman $288,417 1999 LT VX K002 This project brings State and municipal law enforcement officers from across the country to participate in classroom and practical bomb crime scene analysis training. National Assessment of Technology and Training for Law Enforcement Eastern Kentucky University Pamela Collins $300,000 1999 LT VX K022 This two-phase project is conducting a comprehensive national survey to assess training needs of small-town and rural law enforcement agencies. This project also will assess a mobile interactive simulation training system for law enforcement. Training Technology Development and Implementation U.S. Department of Defense, Naval Air Warfare Center Janet Weisenford $629,250 1997 IJ CX A042 This award allows the Department of Defense to continue the planning and execution of Technologies and Training for Public Safety in the 21st Century, the additional contract management and administrative functions associated with the Law Enforcement Instructional Training Information System and the Force Protection Equipment Demonstration, and the additional technical support for training and simulation technology development and implementation. o Counterterrorism Technologies Advanced Technology Needs for Countering Terrorism Potomac Institute for Policy Studies Dave Siegrist $10,000 1999 DT CX K002 Exercise scenarios, or wargames, involving terrorist use of biological weapons are being developed to document the potential impact of emerging technologies on countering bioterrorism, to evaluate the cost-to-benefit ratio of selected technologies, and to inform technology developers of new products or changes in products recommended by exercise participants. Body Cavity Screening System Quantum Magnetics, Inc. Peter Czipott $266,984 1998 DT CX K005 Quantum Magnetics' development of a body screening device to detect contraband in the pelvic body cavities of prisoners is continued with this supplemental award, which funds design of a chair-configured system. Demonstration and Assessment of Chemical Agent Detector Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority Barry J. McDevitt $150,000 1999 DT CX A032 This award funds the demonstration and assessment of a chemical agent detector in an underground metro station. The detector employs surface acoustic wave technology. Demonstration of a Concealed Weapons Detection System Using Electromagnetic Resources AKELA, Inc. Allan R. Hunt $298,995 1997 IJ CX K013 AKELA's development of a concealed weapons detector that uses radar to record resonant response is continued by this supplemental award, which supports various changes that will improve performance in the operational environment and limited field testing. Standards for X-Ray Systems for Bomb Disarmament Department of Defense, Office of Special Technology James Lawrence $40,000 1999 DT CX A068 The Department of Defense is developing and upgrading the standards needed to develop and test technologies to better enable law enforcement to combat terrorism. o Program Assessment, Policy, and Coordination Assessment of Explosively Formed Penetrator (Flying Plate) U.S. Department of the Navy, Naval Surface Warfare Center Marc Magdinec $105,848 1997 DT CX A074 The Department of the Navy is developing the Flying Plate Explosive Disrupter for an operational evaluation to be performed by the user community. Joint Program Steering Group Projects at Space and Naval Warfare Systems Center, Charleston U.S. Department of the Navy, Space and Naval Warfare Systems Center, Charleston Jerry A. Koenig $2,327,000 1997 IJ CX A013 This award provides for the continued support of technology initiatives undertaken by the Department of Defense/Department of Justice Joint Program Steering Group to include research and development of technology for use in a corrections environment, an electronic crime (cyberterrorism) study, interoperability system developments and assessments, concealed weapons detection and through-the-wall surveillance program support, development of improved listening and recording devices, and refinement of a successful prototype information sharing architecture. Law Enforcement/Corrections Technology and Policy Assessment SEASKATE, Inc. E.A. Burkhalter, Jr. $486,212 1996 MU MU K016 This supplemental award continues support for an executive-level technical and policy panel that is addressing a broad range of law enforcement technology-related issues. Office of Law Enforcement Standards National Institute of Standards and Technology, Office of Law Enforcement Standards (OLES) Kathleen M. Higgins $1,350,548 1999 IJ CX A094 This award continues the support to NIJ by the OLES in the development of law enforcement standards. Systems Engineering and Technical Assistance Support to NIJ U.S. Department of Defense, Intelligence Systems Support Office John B. Salvatori $2,182,956 1996 LB VX A038 The Department of Defense is providing program and technical management, program planning and oversight, systems engineering and technical evaluation, and administrative support for current and proposed programs. Technology Assessment Program U.S. Department of Commerce, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Office of Law Enforcement Standards (OLES) Kathleen M. Higgins $364,000 1994 IJ CX A004 This award provides funding to NIST to continue to provide technical assistance and support for projects conducted by the OLES. o Technology Assistance Technology Assistance, General Law Enforcement and Corrections Technology and Policy Liability Assessment SEASKATE, Inc. E.A. Burkhalter, Jr. $259,719 1996 LB VX K006 This supplemental award continues support for a task force that is providing recommendations on how legal liability can be minimized through training, policy directives, and other means. Law Enforcement Technology Dissemination Eastern Kentucky University Tom Thurman $124,619 1999 DT CX K001 Eastern Kentucky University is making archival copies of the FBI's Bomb Data Center technical bulletins, which contain critically important information for bomb technicians, bomb investigators, and other safety personnel, universally available on a CD-ROM. Sandia National Laboratories Test Facility U.S. Department of Energy, Sandia National Laboratories Debra D. Spencer $350,000 1997 LB VX A004 The U.S. Department of Energy continues to support Sandia National Laboratories' testing and evaluation of law enforcement and corrections equipment as requested by NIJ. Includes developing a test-bed design and evaluation for the AGILE program. Technology Conference Support Center for Technology Commercialization, Inc. James Scutt $39,992 1999 LT VX K021 The Center for Technology Commercialization provides a variety of support services, including site selection, travel arrangements, development and distribution of promotional materials, and identification of potential speakers and exhibitors, to NIJ for a conference and exhibition on incident response, including counterterrorism, school safety, and forensics. Technology Information Exchange for State and Local Law Enforcement International Association of Chiefs of Police Jerry Needle $199,998 1999 LT VX K004 This award supports the collection of evaluation and testing methodologies that State and local law enforcement agencies use to make equipment purchases; development and pilot testing of a training program on police liability avoidance through technology; design of a prototype database to collect and analyze data on police pursuits; and general support for NIJ's annual technology conference. Working With Technology in Corrections American Correctional Association William Taylor $75,000 1996 LB VX K004 This supplemental award supports four tasks: completion of two prototype distance-learning lesson plans on pepper spray and riots and disturbances; development of an electronic newsletter that functions as a corrections technology forum; preparation and distribution of a conference summary for the Working With Computer Technology conference; and assistance to NIJ's Office of Science and Technology for the 1999 Corrections Technology Institute. National Law Enforcement and Corrections Technology Centers (NLECTC) NIJ's National Law Enforcement and Corrections Technology Centers (NLECTC) offer centralized sources of product and technology information, assessment, and referral services to law enforcement, corrections, and other criminal justice professionals. The awards in this group continue the operation of NLECTC to provide support through information and technologies both as outreach and general support activities. Border Research and Technology Center U.S. Department of Energy, Sandia National Laboratories Chris Aldridge $924,000 1999 LB VX A031 and U.S. Department of the Navy, Space and Naval Warfare Systems Center, San Diego John Bott $814,299 1996 IJ CX A036 National Center NLECTC Aspen Systems Corporation Dave Hart $2,954,684 1996 MU MU K011 Northeast Region NLECTC Air Force Research Laboratory Information Directorate John Ritz $1,780,000 1996 IJ CX A032 Rocky Mountain Region NLECTC University of Denver Colorado Seminary Robert Epper $2,395,083 1996 MU MU K012 Southeast Region NLECTC U.S. Department of the Navy, Space and Naval Warfare Systems Center, Charleston Steve Morrison $150,000 1996 IJ CX A010 and South Carolina Research Authority Tommy Sexton $2,018,637 1997 MU MU K020 Western Region NLECTC Aerospace Corporation Robert Waldron $1,641,735 1996 MU MU K006 Governance & Technology Delivery Processes for NLECTC and Its User Communities Pymatuning Group, Inc. Ruth M. Davis $379,000 1998 LB VX 0001 This award continues support for demonstrations of innovative financing mechanisms that can be used to provide practitioners with law enforcement and corrections technology products. This award also includes assessments and program development support of various NIJ research, development, testing, and evaluation programs. Oak Ridge National Laboratory Technical Support U.S. Department of Energy, Oak Ridge National Laboratory Donna Phillips $32,780 1998 LB VX A075 This award provides NIJ with a technical support manager and the technical resources of Oak Ridge National Laboratory in support of NIJ/OS&T technology projects and the NLECTC system. Operation of the Office of Law Enforcement Technology Commercialization Wheeling Jesuit University Carole Coleman $2,800,000 1998 IJ CX K002 This award continues support for the identification of new technologies and the creation of new partnerships for developing safe, effective, and affordable products for law enforcement and corrections use. Support for NIJ Surplus Property Program Ultimate Enterprises Limited Bill LeGro $245,760 1996 LB VX K002 This supplemental award continues support for Ultimate Enterprises Limited to provide assistance to NIJ as a liaison with the Law Enforcement Support Offices, Defense Logistics Agency, and offices of the Secretary of Defense and Department of the Army on policy and procedural matters regarding the transfer of Federal property for use by law enforcement and corrections agencies. Victimization and Victim Services Criminal Victimization of Parolees: Effects & Failures Pennsylvania State University Barry Ruback $284,739 1999 VF GX 0010 This project is investigating whether parolees have different victimization rates from the general population, whether victimization is related to offending, and if so, whether the relationship is mediated by processes such as protection of self-image, search for equity, distress, or tangible need. The project also is exploring whether contextual factors affect the relationship between victimization and offending. Effects of Prosecutorial Policies on Victim Empowerment & Outcomes Georgia State University Research Foundation Mary A. Finn $230,945 1999 WT VX 0008 An evaluation of no-drop prosecutorial strategies is being conducted to assess court outcomes, including deterrence to prosecuted batterers; victim empowerment, self-efficacy, and subsequent incidences of domestic violence; and acts of batterer retaliation and reductions in rates of victims reporting domestic violence incidents to the police. Extending Findings From Repeat Victimization: The Nexus Police Executive Research Forum Deborah Lamm Weisel $199,445 1999 IJ CX 0046 Analysts are studying the incidence, scope, and time course of repeat victimization in diverse places to demonstrate the pervasiveness of this phenomenon and to devise a model that police can easily replicate to develop targeted interventions that reduce overall rates of crime. National Impact Evaluation of Victim Service Programs Urban Institute Martha Burt $799,990 1999 WT VX 0010 This national evaluation of victim service programs funded by the STOP (Services Training Officers Prosecutors) Violence Against Women Formula Grants Program during fiscal years 1995 98 is examining the diversity of programs funded; the community and State contexts in which these programs operate; and the effect the programs have on services, community context, and victim outcomes. National Study of Procedures Undertaken After an Institution of Higher Education Receives a Report of Campus Sexual Assault Education Development Center, Inc. Debra Whitcomb $574,818 1999 WA VX 0008 The Education Development Center, Inc., the University of Cincinnati, and the Police Executive Research Forum are collaborating to study the procedures undertaken by institutions of higher education after they receive a report of campus sexual assault. Victims With Disabilities National Academy of Sciences Faith Mitchell $170,000 1999 IJ CX 0031 The National Research Council's Committee on Law and Justice is conducting a study of crimes against individuals with developmental disabilities, including risk factors associated with victimization, the justice system's response to such crimes, and the feasibility of establishing a centralized computer database on the incidence of such crimes. Violence o Violence, General Childhood Antecedents of Adolescent & Adult Crime & Violence New York State Psychiatric Institute Patricia Cohen $242,973 1999 IJ CX 0029 This research is exploring the intergenerational connections between family violence and crime, investigating the sequencing of mental illness and criminal and violent behavior in adolescents and young adults, and examining the influence of urban and rural contexts on these relationships. Nonfatal Workplace Violence Epidemiology: Risk Factors University of Nebraska Lincoln David O'Neil Washington $15,000 1999 IJ CX 0062 This study is investigating incidents of workplace violence in Lincoln, Nebraska, to determine whether violent incidents that occurred in the Midwest parallel national trends, whether specific cues, such as prior mental health problems, were present, and whether nonintimate perpetrators inflicted more intense violence on their victims than domestic perpetrators. o Violence Against Women and Family Violence Battered Women, Battered Children Education Development Center, Inc. Debra Whitcomb $191,504 1999 WT VX 0001 This project is identifying efforts around the country to address the co-occurrence of domestic violence and child abuse, examining existing prosecution policies and practices, and documenting promising interventions and services for affected families. Beliefs & Perceptions About Domestic Violence: The Effects of Individual, Contextual, and Community Factors State University of New York Albany Alissa P. Worden $29,506 1998 WT VX 0018 Researchers are interviewing approximately 1,200 people from six sites in New York State to gather descriptive information about attitudes, values, and perceptions regarding domestic violence. Change and Associated Treatment Outcomes in Assaultive Men Southern Methodist University Christopher Eckhardt $225,564 1999 WT VX 0012 Researchers are studying the characteristics of men, including psychological distress and relationship disturbances, who have been referred to batterer intervention programs by the Dallas County (Texas) Domestic Violence Court, the stages of change, and subsequent attrition and recidivism rates to determine the relationship among them. Child Custody & Visitation When Father Batters Mother New England Research Institutes, Inc. Allison Morrill $249,963 1999 WT VX 0013 Researchers are assessing the impact of two aspects of the Model Code provisions regarding child custody and visitation: the presumption against custody or primary residence being awarded to a perpetrator of domestic violence, and safety accorded to the child and battered parent and judicial knowledge of these issues. Community Partnership Models Addressing Violence University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio Rachel A. Rodriguez $236,136 1999 WT VX 0011 This project compares a grassroots and an agency-based model for domestic violence outreach and education among migrant and seasonal farmworker women and describes their decision to use the criminal justice system. The goal is to explore the cultural implications of the women's use of the criminal justice system and to identify the services battered women want. Domestic Violence and Child Aggression University of Houston Renee McDonald $249,961 1999 WT VX 0009 The primary goal of this research is to refine the current understanding of the nature and limits of the relation between children's exposure to domestic violence and children's aggressive behavior, while controlling for the independent effects of factors such as gender and ethnicity. The Effects of Welfare Recipiency on Domestic Violence University of Minnesota Samuel L. Myers $119,450 1999 WT VX 0003 This project is exploring the relationship between welfare and domestic violence and the impact that alternative economic resources have on the ability of a woman to leave an abusive relationship. Evaluating the Domestic Violence Enhanced Response Team Program in Colorado Springs 21st Century Solutions Craig Uchida $25,114 1998 WE VX K010 This research involves a process evaluation of the Colorado Springs, Colorado, Domestic Violence Enhanced Response Team, a comprehensive, systemic approach to curtailing domestic violence. Evaluating Domestic Violence Programs in Clinton County Plattsburgh State University Lynda Ames $71,317 1999 WE VX K010 An evaluation is being conducted in Clinton County (New York) of the Domestic Abuse Reduction Team, an interdisciplinary group of representatives from the probation office, the district attorney's office, and domestic violence service agencies, to explore ways team members can refine their practices and to study the local community's reactions to domestic violence. Evaluation of a Coordinated Response to Domestic Violence San Diego Association of Government Susan Pennell $7,978 1998 WT VX K014 This research is evaluating the San Diego Sheriff's Department's efforts to centralize domestic violence cases in one detective unit; train deputies; and improve victim safety through the use of cell phones, body alarm devices, and audiovisual surveillance. Evaluation of Grants to Encourage Arrest Policies for Domestic Violence Iowa Department of Corrections Roxann M. Ryan $71,076 1999 WE VX K011 The results of two domestic violence programs--the Protective Order Enforcement Team and the Domestic Assault Response Team are being compared to determine the effectiveness of each approach and to develop a quality-of-life scale that can be used by agencies funded through the Violence Against Women Act. Evaluation of a Multisite Demonstration for Enhanced Judicial Oversight Urban Institute Adele Harrell $499,954 1999 WT VX K005 An intensive court-based approach to managing domestic violence cases is being evaluated to determine whether strong judicial oversight of domestic violence offenders, together with extensive graduated sanctions for offenders and comprehensive services for victims, reduces recidivism, increases the defendants' and system's accountability, and enhances victim safety. Examination of Developmental Antecedents Among Blacks Wichita State University Jana L. Jasinski $13,387 1998 WT VX 0017 This supplemental award continues research examining the developmental antecedents of violence against women, particularly changes in patterns of violence against African American, Caucasian, and Hispanic women. Exposure to Family Violence and Adjustment in Correctional Institutions University of Maryland College Park Angela R. Gover $15,000 1999 IJ CX 0051 This study is examining the impact of exposure to family violence on juveniles' levels of anxiety, depression, and psychological adjustment to correctional institutions over time. Impact Evaluation of STOP Grant Programs for Reducing Violence Against Women University of Arizona Eileen M. Luna $10,992 1998 WT VX K010 This supplemental award continues a study of the effectiveness of American Indian domestic violence programs, including the overall impact of the Violence Against Women Act STOP grants in tribal communities, the efficacy of a domestic violence task force and other coordinated community responses, and possible improvements to such programs. Investigating the Roles of Context, Meaning & Method in Violence Against Women Georgia State University Research Foundation Sarah Cook $358,194 1999 WT VX K008 Researchers are comparing 29 measurement instruments used in research on violence against women, assessing the use of computer-based data collection techniques in this type of research, and developing a new model of victimization based on two population groups: incarcerated women in prison and poor urban women in nonemergency health care clinics. Mandatory Custody Mediation San Diego State University Foundation Dennis Saccuzzo $249,913 1999 WT VX 0015 Researchers are comparing violent and nonviolent families to determine how factors affecting child adjustment including spousal adjustment, coparent relationship, parent-child relationship, and child characteristics affect custody and visitation outcomes and the extent to which battered women are exposed to such dangers as unsupervised child exchanges. National Evaluation of the STOP (Services Training Officers Prosecutors) Formula Grant Program Urban Institute Martha Burt $95,999 1995 WT NX 0005 This award supports the ongoing evaluation activities funded under the law enforcement and prosecution areas of the Violence Against Women Act, including the range of programs supported, outcomes and accomplishments of grantees, grantee planning and implementation efforts, strategies for documenting long-term impacts, and impact on system change and underserved populations. Native American Women's Safety and the Criminal Justice System Minnesota Program Development, Inc. Thomas Peacock $190,050 1999 WT VX K006 This study is examining how Native American women's safety is affected by responses from the non-Native criminal justice system by investigating how misdemeanor assaults involving Native American women are processed and the outcomes. Next Millennium Conference: Ending Domestic Violence Chicago Abused Women Coalition Vickii Coffey $50,000 1999 WT VX 0002 This award supports a national conference on domestic violence to be held in fall 1999 in Chicago, Illinois. Participants will address current and future issues that impact domestic violence advocacy, services, programs, research, and public policy. Partners' Drug & Alcohol Use, Mediating Factors, & Violence Against Women University of Oklahoma, Health Sciences Center on Child Abuse and Neglect Nancy Nisbett $186,752 1999 WT VX K003 This study of intimate partner violence against women is exploring the relationship between women's and men's alcohol and illegal drug use and the frequency and severity of assaults and injuries. Mediating factors such as age, marital status, socioeconomic status, power issues, and childhood exposure to violence are being analyzed. Protection of Women: Health and Justice Outcomes (Phase 2) University of Washington Marsha Wolf $250,000 1999 WT VX 0014 A second-year followup study is being conducted with domestic violence victim participants in the original Protection of Women: Health and Justice Outcomes Study to determine the nature of subsequent contacts with the abuser; assess perceptions of safety, physical health, and emotional well-being; and update information on legal matters and use of community resources. Researcher-Practitioner Partnership Pennsylvania State University Jennifer A. Mastrofski $17,854 1999 WE VX 0032 This award continues an evaluation of four target areas personnel training; tracking and monitoring using a systemwide, interagency database; safety audit; and services for domestic violence victims which are part of a larger project to encourage the arrest of domestic violence perpetrators. Responding to Domestic Violence in Southern Illinois Southern Illinois University Joan McDermott $74,999 1999 WE VX K006 A process evaluation is being conducted of a program funded by the Violence Against Women Act that encourages pro-arrest policies. The goal is to document the project's history, analyze the quality of its interagency collaborations, and identify research issues that affect the safety of victims of domestic violence living in Carbondale, Illinois. Sacramento Batterer Treatment Experiment: Stage II Data California State University Sacramento Carole Barnes $130,000 1999 IJ CX K021 This award extends an evaluation of an early intervention that provides domestic violence education and drug treatment to domestic violence arrestees before they go to court. The award provides longer, more extensive interviews with batterers and victims, more extensive official record followup, 1-year followup with batterers, and urine testing of batterers. Social and Neighborhood Risks of Violence Toward Women Columbia University Jeffrey Fagan $114,909 1999 WT VX 0005 This study is examining the spatial distribution of lethal and nonlethal domestic violence; estimating neighborhood risk factors for different social groups; comparing neighborhood risks for particular forms of violence, especially domestic and nondomestic violence; and exploring temporal trends of violence against women in an urban setting. Understanding the Link Between Violence Against Women and Women's Subsequent Criminal Behavior University of Illinois Chicago Beth Richie $186,012 1999 WT VX 0006 This study explores the relationship between violence against women and women's involvement in illegal activities leading to incarceration. The analysis focuses on types of and differences in victim-perpetrator relationships, the consequences of violence, and the relationship between multiple forms of abuse. Violence and Threats of Violence Against Women in America Center for Policy Research Patricia G. Tjaden $12,000 1993 IJ CX 0012 Through this award, NIJ and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention jointly support ongoing analysis of the National Violence Against Women Survey results and continued development and dissemination of summary reports of the findings. Women's Experience With Violence Memphis State University Phyllis Betts $338,448 1999 WT VX 0007 The relationship between sexual violence and other forms of victimization is being explored through this study of the Memphis Sexual Assault Resource Center, the effectiveness of its strategies, and the types of interventions that increase convictions and decrease revictimization. o Firearms Developing Problem-Solving Interventions Harvard University Mark Moore $293,245 1999 IJ CX 0015 This project investigates the structure and dynamics of illicit firearms markets in Boston (including sources of firearms and paths of trafficking), analyzes computer maps to determine clusters of gun problems and the dispersion patterns of traffickers, and suggests problem- solving interventions to reduce the supply of guns to criminal consumers. Evaluation of the Youth Firearms Violence Initiative Abt Associates Inc. Marianne Beauregard $299,981 1995 IJ CX 0069 This supplemental grant continues a study that is examining how police departments deal with the issue of gun flow to youth, how departments might utilize information in new and perhaps more productive ways, and what additional information is needed to handle this problem. The Situational Role of Firearms in Violent Encounters University of Nebraska Omaha Mary Laura Farnham $23,455 1999 IJ CX 0004 This study of recently incarcerated male offenders sentenced to the Nebraska Department of Corrections is examining the types of guns that were owned and carried prior to incarceration, where and why the offender's most recent gun was obtained, and incidents in which the offender was either involved in or avoiding physical confrontations and violence. Youth o Youth, General Childhood Victimization and Delinquency Washington Department of Social and Health Services Diana J. English $11,581 1997 IJ CX 0017 Designed to extend previous studies that connected child abuse and delinquency, this study is examining a different time period, geographic area, and ethnic population, comparing different types of maltreatment to the later development of violent criminal behavior, and exploring whether out-of-home placement mediates the criminal consequences of abuse and neglect. Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children in the United States, Mexico, and Canada University of Pennsylvania Richard Estes $232,089 1999 IJ CX 0030 Investigators are studying the prevalence and causes of child sexual exploitation in the United States, Canada, and Mexico and the modes of operation of adult criminal networks. Findings will be used to help law enforcement, human service, and other officials strengthen their ability to protect children. Competence-Related Abilities of Juveniles University of South Florida Jenine C. Boyd $14,010 1999 IJ CX 0003 This study is comparing the competence of juveniles prosecuted in criminal court to adult pretrial defendants in the areas of understanding, appreciation, and reasoning and examining the relevance of developmental immaturity as a basis for evaluating competence to proceed to trial in criminal court. Comprehensive Overview of Community Youth Sanctioning Models Florida Atlantic University Mara Schiff $179,626 1999 IJ CX 0060 This project is examining various restorative conferencing models in use as nonadversarial sanctioning process alternatives in the United States through a national survey, site visits, focus groups, and interviews. Program profiles and an evaluation protocol are being developed. Dreams, Drugs, and Gangs Vera Institute of Justice, Inc. Pedro Mateu-Gelabert $48,786 1999 IJ CX 0024 This ethnographic study of first- and second-generation immigrant youth in a Dominican neighborhood in New York City is exploring the relationship between immigration and youth violence, including the amount of violence youth encounter as witnesses, victims, and perpetrators; the relationship between patterns of violence and family and neighborhood organization; and circular migration, levels of acculturation, and coping strategies. Effect of Juvenile Justice System Processing University of Colorado Boulder David Huizinga $174,121 1999 IJ CX 0037 Investigators are analyzing data from two ongoing longitudinal research projects in Denver, Colorado, and Bremen, Germany, to examine the effect of juvenile justice processing on subsequent juvenile delinquency and adult criminality. Evaluation of the Youth Curfew in Prince George's County, Maryland Urban Institute Caterina Gouvis $49,765 1999 IJ CX 0008 An evaluation of youth curfew is being conducted to determine whether violent victimization of youth decreases and how the spatial dynamics of youth victimization change. Juvenile Accountability Incentive Block Grant Program Abt Associates Inc. Dale Parent $499,838 1999 JR VX K006 This award extends the national process evaluation of the Juvenile Accountability Incentive Block Grant Program. The project is documenting how the Program was administered, how grants were used by State and local recipients, types of programs funded, access to training and technical assistance, and practitioners' and policymakers' attitudes toward the Program. Network Approach for Understanding Adolescent Delinquency Pennsylvania State University Dana Haynie $18,774 1999 IJ CX 0022 Using data from the Adolescent Health Survey, researchers are investigating the specific ways in which peer groups influence delinquency, how these processes change as adolescents undergo developmental changes, and how the school context both affects delinquent behavior and moderates the relationship between peer group characteristics and adolescent delinquency. Process and Outcome Evaluation of Prosecutorial Waiver to Criminal Court in Virginia Caliber Associates Gerald M. Croan $180,827 1999 JR VX 0003 This research is investigating local patterns of juvenile violent crimes, use of the juvenile transfer, and their relationship through an examination of community risk factors, considerations of prosecutors and judges when transferring juveniles to adult courts, and differences in sentences in adult versus juvenile court. A Prospective Study of Serious Adolescent Offenders University of Pittsburgh Edward P. Mulvey $368,176 1999 IJ CX 0053 This award begins a longitudinal study of 1,200 adolescents to determine the impact of life events and other mediating factors on different subgroups of offenders and the effect of different interventions and sanctions on patterns of pro- and antisocial behavior, mental health, psychological development, and social functioning. Prospective Study of Serious Delinquency in Adolescent Girls Harvard University Dawn A. Obeidallah $49,958 1999 IJ CX 0040 This study is exploring the precursors to adolescent females' serious antisocial behavior, including depression, peers, and neighborhood characteristics, and examining how changes in levels of family violence and supervision predict girls' subsequent antisocial behavior. Social Capital and Young At-Risk African American Males Rutgers State University of New Jersey Joseph Richardson $15,000 1999 IJ CX 0056 This study examines the relationship among social capital (positive resources that contribute to the prevention of delinquency), resilience, and delinquency among African American males. Emphasis will be placed on the most critical sources of social capital family, community, and peer group embedded in the urban landscape of this population. Youth-Police Interaction and the Implication for Co-Production of Safety in Chicago Chicago Alliance for Neighborhood Safety Warren Friedman $40,000 1998 IJ CX 0077 This study is investigating changes in youth attitudes toward the police between 1993 and 1999 to examine whether youth-police interactions have improved since the launching of the Chicago Alternative Policing Strategy. o Gangs Evaluation of G.R.E.A.T. (Gang Resistance Education and Training) University of Nebraska Omaha Finn Esbensen $216,990 1994 IJ CX 0058 This supplemental award supports an ongoing longitudinal evaluation of the Gang Resistance Education and Training (G.R.E.A.T.) program, a school-based gang prevention curriculum taught by law enforcement officers. Gangs in Rural America Illinois State University Ralph Weisheit and Edward Wells $68,208 1999 IJ CX 0036 This study is documenting the origins, nature, extent, and special features of American rural gang problems and comparing trends over time. Police Problem-Solving Strategies for Dealing With Youth & Gang-Related Firearms Violence Rand Corporation Peter Greenwood $249,991 1998 IJ CX 0043 This grant supports RAND's work with several agencies, including police, probation and parole, prosecutor, and U.S. attorney, on a 2-year study to develop and test strategies for reducing youth and gang-related gun violence. --------------------------- The National Institute of Justice is a component of the Office of Justice Programs, which also includes the Bureau of Justice Assistance, Bureau of Justice Statistics, Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, and Office for Victims of Crime. NCJ 179016 ---------------------------