The first study funded by the Foundation was the 1972-73 Kansas City Preventive Patrol Experiment that showed that increasing or decreasing the level of routine preventive patrol had no appreciable effect on crime, fear of crime, or public satisfaction with police services. Other studies have examined the legitimacy of gender as an occupational qualification for patrol duties, the effects of peer review on police behavior, the effectiveness and safety of one- versus two-officer units, and factors in domestic violence. Other efforts have included reports on police use of deadly force, policing styles, and the effects of various police responses on recidivism in domestic violence. Recently, the Foundation has introduced a new medium for the dissemination of information on research and criminal justice issues. Half-hour 'Crime File' videos provide thoughtful, balanced analyses of issues affecting police work to the public, policymakers, and the police themselves.