Interactional and additive analyses indicate numerous effects of social context on sentencing outcome (probation, split sentence, imprisonment). County economic conditions, crime rates, and urbanization exerted effects on punitiveness toward property versus violent offenders. Court variables (such as specialization and bureaucratization) and judge characteristics (such as age, sex, religion, and professional background) were impressive conditioners of race and offense effects on all three sentencing outcomes. Temporal variations in sentencing patterns also were found. Overall, three major findings emerge: (1) there was little evidence of systemwide discrimination against blacks; (2) legally relevant variables, especially offense seriousness, were a major factor in sentencing decisions, particularly prison length determinations; and (3) aspects county, court, and time conditioned the direction and intensity of the influence exerted by race and offense. An appendix supplies additional tabular data. Tables, index, and approximately 200 references.