A 'sabbatical' -- derived from the Hebrew term 'shabat,' meaning rest -- denotes a period of rest that occurs at regular intervals. Sabbatical leaves as first used in academic and religious institutions involve extended time away from the job for the pursuit of personal needs or interests. The concept has spread to business and industry, law firms, and government. The benefits of sabbaticals include improved efficiency and productivity, enhanced creativity, educational development and professional growth, reduced stress, improved morale, decreased attrition, and the attraction of a greater number of highly qualified persons to the bench. Based on these potential benefits, this study concludes that sabbatical leaves for judges are a useful way to address some of the challenges facing the Federal judiciary. Some issues examined in sabbatical leaves are eligibility, frequency, duration, compensation, seniority, case coverage, procedures, restrictions, and conditions. 234 footnotes. (Author summary modified)