To be able to express strong feelings appropriately, the negotiator must recognize feelings, be aware, develop a range of expression, and relate tone to substance. Remaining rational in the face of strong feelings requires acknowledging feelings, regaining composure, separating causes of feelings from the substantive problem, and being purposive. Being assertive without damaging the relationship requires that relationship and substantive issues be disentangled, firmness and openness, purposiveness, and an avoidance of personal judgments. To improve a relationship without damage to the negotiation, it is necessary to acknowledge both need and merit and to work on relationship-building outside the negotiation. Speaking clearly to promote listening can be accomplished by avoiding attributions, checking assumptions, repetition, and using clear and short statements. Active and inquiring listening can be enhanced by explicitly allocating listening time, separating understanding from judging and responding, repeating statements back, and inquiring about the reasoning behind statements. 1 note.