The theoretical framework is a combined control theory and differential association theory. Self-report data on 304 male and female adolescents are examined. The data demonstrate the males have significantly weaker 'bonds' to their parents, the school, and to their peers than females. Males also report engaging in significantly more delinquency. However, a control theory explanation of the gender differential in delinquency is not supported. Differences in the gender role identity of males and females (i.e., masculinity and femininity) also are unable to explain the gender differential in delinquency. The data lend greater support to a differential association explanation of gender differences. The implications of the findings and some alternative explanations of the gender differential are discussed. (Publisher abstract)