Rape occurs under a variety of circumstances, but rape victims share several intrapsychic experiences. A rape victim has usually had an overwhelmingly frightening experience in which she fears for her life. The experience produces feelings of helplessness, shame, difficulty handling anger and aggression, and vulnerability. An extensive mythology surrounds the medical and legal systems' attitudes toward rape, resulting in reluctance to report rape. The profound impact of the rape stress is best understood when rape is seen as a violent crime against the person and not merely as a sexual encounter. Victims' responses go through three phases: the acute reaction, outward adjustment, and integration and resolution. Certain reactions relate directly to the victim's specific life stage. Counseling programs should meet the following three types of needs: 1) crisis intervention, 1) emotional support during the crisis period, and 3) emotional support for the family and friends of the victim. Physicians treating rape victims should be aware of a variety of medicolegal considerations and specific tasks. Recommendations for improving hospital services to rape victims and 37 references.