Victimization surveys indicate that fear of crime is rooted in factors other than the direct experience of victimization. Fear of crime is highest among the elderly, women, and residents of inner city neighborhoods. This fear affects lifestyles by restricting activities outside the home, including participation in community activities designed to reduce crime and increase the quality of community life. The alleviation of the fear of crime requires diverse strategies. Crime reduction is necessary but insufficient to reduce the fear of crime. Complementary measures include environmental improvements, social reforms, and political rearrangements. Overall, citizens become less fearful of crime when they perceive they have control over their environments, can expect support and assistance from neighbors, and regularly interact with their neighbors. 104 references.