These studies indicate that a minimum of 16 percent of American couples experienced an assault during the year of the study, and that about 40 percent of these involved severely violent acts such as kicking, biting, punching, choking, and attacks with weapons. The authors argue that the results of these studies illustrate that it is unlikely that sufficient treatment resources can be allocated to match the magnitude of the problem. Although services for victims and treatment programs for batterers have priority in efforts to ameliorate family violence, primary prevention programs also are essential because of the suffering which can be avoided. The studies also identified risk factors that can serve as the focus for primary prevention. Namely, early marriage, male-dominance in the family, and use of physical punishment. The authors conclude that educational and therapeutic efforts, and economic changes which encourage equality and teach the skills necessary for an equal relationship can help prevent family violence. Tables, footnotes, and 28 references. (Author abstract modified)