The redemption stage of the coupon cycle offers an infinite number of opportunities for fraud. Retailers sometimes organize in rings to misredeem large quantities of coupons or conspire with coupon salespeople. Means of controlling misredemption include the physical inspection of all or most of the coupons and the compilation of a list of bona fide retailers. Private security efforts must be supplemented with public prosecutions. The Federal Racketeer-Influenced Corrupt Organization Act (RICO) can be used to enhance the sanctions of mail-fraud and wire-fraud statutes when coupon fraud involves a 'pattern of racketeering activity.'