As a product of the court's history of extralegal paternalism, status offenses have involved the system in the maintenance of traditional family norms that require a more restrictive role of greater obedience and chastity from females than from males. Fully three-fourths of all girls in the system are charged with status offenses. The enforcement of status offenses has created a de facto double standard: Like 'good parents,' police and court personnel tend to select for punishment girls whose behavior threatens parental authority and boys whose behavior is beyond that which can be excused as 'boys will be boys.' Scholarly apathy toward female delinquency has led to gross distortions and has allowed the judiciary to discriminate against women and girls in the justice systems for nearly a century. More recent research, often by feminists, has faulted the traditional view that female delinquency, unlike that of males, is sexual and interpersonal in nature; that it is more treatable; and that differential socialization of males and females is a cause of delinquency. Such research indicates that females do not specialize in sexual or relational offenses; receive differential treatment from police depending on offense type, are more likely to be referred by parents, and are more likely to be institutionalized and for longer periods. These data indicate a need to challenge the system by dealing more forthrightly with civil rights issues, confronting the sexual double standard and protectionist rhetoric of courts and parents, and examining the relationship between official responses and other forms of sexual inequality. 119 footnotes. (Author abstract modified)