Corporations convicted of Federal crimes face substantially higher fines under proposed guidelines developed by the U.S. Sentencing Commission. Under the proposed guidelines, the judge would multiply the amount of the loss caused by the offense by one to three and one-half. The cost of investigating and prosecuting the offense is added to the total. The judge apportions the total among restitution, forfeitures, and fines. The instructions for calculating the loss vary with the offense committed. Courts could also intervene in corporate management under probation provisions in sentencing proposals. Among the probation options, courts could order companies to develop a plan to avoid recurrence of the crime. The U.S. Supreme Court heard arguments in October challenging the constitutionality of the guidelines for individuals. Buffone predicts that even if the commission loses the case, Congress will adopt new laws based on the guidelines.