It is estimated that 20 to 30 percent of probation clients are homeless or unsuitably housed, and that the majority of these are single. Studies have shown a link between homelessness and criminal involvement and recidivism. By 1985, the Probation Service managed or approved about 400 offender accommodation facilities, providing almost 6,000 bed spaces. Changes in housing financing have improved the availability and quality of such accommodations. Further, accommodation facilities have provided options for diversion and alternatives to custody for courts. Long-term unemployment also is a major problem among offenders, particularly during the current economic recession. Various studies have shown a relationship between unemployment and crime, and employment status often is considered in custody and release decisions. Programs to deal with this problem have included community service schemes, day care programs, informal activity programs, and work-creation schemes. Finally, to deal with the high levels of educational underachievement among offenders, basic education and numeracy and literacy programs have been developed. 18 references.